Electrochemical Detection of Glucose in Beverage Samples Using Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Modified Electrodes with Immobilized Glucose Oxidase

Abstract

We developed two glucose biosensors based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) doped with poly(4-lithium styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSLi) or PEDOT and anthranilic acid (AA) doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSH). The first one was already mentioned in literature in similar configurations; however, the second one has not been described before. The glucose oxidase was immobilized by means of covalent bonding, which has been proved by spectrophotometric assay with o-dianisidine. Amperometric measurements were carried out for the determination of glucose in phosphate buffer. The prepared electrodes functioned as first-generation glucose biosensors at applied potential E = + 0.6 V during t = 30 s. The elaborated procedure was validated, and all of the statistical parameters met the requirements for biosensors. The presented method was successfully applied for determination of glucose concentration in food samples, such as grape juice and honey. The activity of the presented biosensors was also studied in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid, acting as interfering agents.

Enhanced Electrochemical Sensor for Electrocatalytic Glucose Analysis in Orange Juices and Milk by the Integration of the Electron-Withdrawing Substituents on Graphene/Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…Even though Ref. [ 7 ] presented a lower LOD than this work, their study used enzyme. Using enzyme electrochemical sensors allows very low detection limits and excellent accuracies.…”

“…Numerous articles described the use of the enzymatic electrochemical sensing technique for glucose detection in food and beverage samples [ 7 – 9 ]. Many of them focus on the construction and preparation of the sensors and their use for the determination of glucose in aqueous solutions.…”

Electrochemical Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers for the Aqueous Detection of Biologically Relevant Molecules

“…98%. A film composed of PEDOT, polyacrylic acid, and poly (4-lithium styrenesulphonic acid) PSSLi was electrodeposited on platinum electrode followed by GOx immobilization assisted with a carbodiimide [ 171 ]. Glucose determination was carried out into commercial juice and honey samples achieving a LOD of 290 μM with a linear range 9.6 × 10 −4 –3.0 × 10 −3 M. The same research group reported the synthesis of similar surfaces employing the same basic principles and optimizing the procedure of GOx immobilization [ 172 ].…”

Amperometric Biosensors for Glucose and Lactate with Applications in Food Analysis: A Brief Review

“…Glucose biosensor based on GOx, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and anthranilic acid (AA) doped with poly(4-styrenesulphonic acid) (PSSH) was successfully applied for determination of glucose concentration in food samples such as grape juice and honey. 65 After a careful examination of the experimental data, it can be stated that the presented biosensor will be an appropriate tool for measurement of glucose concentration in food samples, provided that the concentration of ascorbic acid in such samples remains below the level of 0.1 mM.…”

“…GOx + PEDOT + PAA + PSSLi 65 2.74 × 10 -4 A M -1 9.6 × 10 -4 -3 × 10 -2 Amp (2.9 × 10 -4 ) grape juice, GOx + PEDOT + AA + PSSH 65 (0.6 V) 2.57 × 10 -4 A M -1 1.86 × 10 -3 -3 × 10 -2 honey (5.6 × 10 -4 ) GOx + HRP + Fc 68 FIA, 10.7 nA mg -…”