Electrochemical determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using bismuth film modified screen-printed carbon electrode

Abstract

In this work, the development of an electrochemical method for the determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) (indirectly by converting to its electroactive nitrated form) using a modified screen-printed carbon electrode with bismuth film is reported. The electrode modification has been done by a single potential step electrodeposition of bismuth film on screen-printed carbon electrodes. Under the optimized conditions, the nitrated 2,4-D showed a dynamic linear concentration range in pH 11 buffer from 11.1 to 74.3 µM with regression coefficient (R) of 0.9988. The limits of detection and quantification were 3.15 µM and 10.5 µM, respectively. The proposed method offered higher sensitivity compared to bare screen-printed carbon electrodes. The modified electrode showed good reproducibility, repeatability, stability and recovery for the analysis of 2,4-D. The developed method was used for electroanalysis of 2,4-D in soil and water samples collected from Sito Kebele, Dedo district Jimma zone.

Adsorptive and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, Activated Carbon, and Graphene Oxide with Relatively Similar Specific Surface Area

“…The sensitivity of these methods is comparable to other electrochemical methods for 2,4-D determination described elsewhere. The LOD was found to be 0.08 µmol/L for graphitepolyurethane electrode [26], 0.2 µmol/L for R3ex activated carbon modified CPE [8], 0.23 µmol/L for mercury electrode [27], 0.400 µmol/L for silica-gel modified CPE [28], 0.7 µmol/L for Carboxen 1000 carbon molecular sieve modified CPE [8], 0.83 µmol/L for electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polypyrrole membranes [29], 0.98 µmol/L for F-300 activated carbon modified CPE [23], 1.14 µmol/L for SX-2 activated carbon modified CPE [23], 3.15 µmol/L for bismuth film modified screen-printed carbon electrode [30], and 3.4 µmol/L for Carbopack B carbon black modified CPE [8].…”

In situ voltammetric analysis of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in environmental water using a boron doped diamond electrode and an adapted unmanned air vehicle sampling platform

“…1,8,9 Some electroanalytical determinations of 2,4-D have been reported, almost all, however, has presented a limit of quantication higher than the maxima concentration of 2,4-D allowed by the WHO and USEPA (320 nmol L À1 ) or the CONAMA (140 nmol L À1 ) for drinking water. 1,3,5,[10][11][12][13][14] Moreover, some methods employ electrodes based on mercury, which is toxic in itself. 10 There is little information, however, about the electrochemical oxidation mechanism of the 2,4-D. 15 Thus, a non-toxic and sensitive electrochemical method is required, and the use of a borondoped diamond electrode (BDDE) is a good solution.…”