Electrochemical Determination of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Norfloxacin in the Presence of Anionic Surfactant Using the Anodically Pretreated Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode

Abstract

In this article, a simple, fast and inexpensive methodology has been developed for the determination of fluoroquinolone class antibiotic norfloxacin (NFX) in anionic surfactant media (sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS) using an anodically pretreated borondoped diamond (APT-BDD) electrode. Cyclic voltammetric studies showed that the NFX gave an irreversible and adsorption controlled anodic oxidation signal at a potential of about + 1.32 V on the APT-BDD electrode. The effects of parameters such as the electrode pre-treatment procedure, SDS concentration, and instrumental variables on the electrochemical sensitivity of NFX were evaluated. Under optimized conditions, the linearity was achieved in the range of 0.05 to 4.0 μg mL À 1 (1.57 × 10 À 7 À 1.25 × 10 À 5 mol L À 1), with a detection limit of 0.013 μg mL À 1 (4.07 × 10 À 8 mol L À 1) by using squarewave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SW-AdSV). The feasibility of the developed approach for the quantification of NFX in urine samples was tested.

Square-Wave Voltammetric Sensing of Lawsone (2- Hydroxy-1,4-Naphthoquinone) Based on the Enhancement Effect of Cationic Surfactant on Anodically Pretreated Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

“…At the start of each experiment day, anodic pretreatment was completed by applying +1.8 V (unless otherwise stated) for 180 seconds in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution. 16,23 An activation program was used with 30 seconds duration in the same experimental conditions between individual measurements. Later, the BDD electrode surface was used directly for voltammetric measurements with repeatable signals.…”

“…It has important properties such as wide electrochemical potential window, low and stable background current, relative insensitivity to dissolved oxygen, low adsorption of pollutants, mechanical stability and high repeatability. [15][16][17][18][19] Therefore, this electrode, used in many different application areas, is very important in terms of electroanalytical chemistry.…”

Electrochemical Determination of Flavonoid Fisetin in Commercial Dietary Supplements Using a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode

“…[25] On the other hand, the analytical performance of this electrode may vary depending on the boron doping level, [26] surface morphology and presence of impurities, surface tip, and applied anodic or cathodic pretreatment steps. [25,[27][28][29][30] Our research group has conducted much research using the BDD electrode in the electrochemical analysis of drugs [31][32][33][34] and some polyphenolic compounds. [35,36] This paper is the first study to elucidate the electrochemical oxidation behavior of the flavonoid FST using BDD electrode surface.…”

Using a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode in Anionic Surfactant Media as an Improved Electrochemical Sensor for the Anticancer Drug Ibrutinib

“…In some cases, these changes improve analytical properties, especially increasing the reversibility and sensitivity of the electrochemical reaction. [35] In the literature survey, only one electrochemical study is found on the IBR molecule. In this study by Gürbüz et al an electrochemical method was developed for the IBR molecule in the presence of surfactant with a glassy carbon electrode.…”

“…Second, the presence of surfactant molecules can alter the structure of the electrical double layer and the charge transfer rate constant, as evidenced by changes in wave or peak potentials of the respective processes. In some cases, these changes improve analytical properties, especially increasing the reversibility and sensitivity of the electrochemical reaction [35] …”