Electrochemical determination of iron in coastal waters based on ionic liquid-reduced graphene oxide supported gold nanodendrites

Abstract

A B S T R A C TAn effective and sensitive method for electrochemical determination of iron was reported, based on the ionic liquid-reduced graphene oxide (IL-rGO) supported gold nanodendrites (AuNDs). IL-rGO as a soft support could provide large specific surface area for AuNDs and make them smaller sizes and unique forms, which would benefit to the electrochemical reduction of iron. Nafion is employed as a cation exchange polymer in which IL-rGO and AuNDs can be tightly attached to the electrode surface. The proposed sandwich structured IL-rGO/AuNDs/Nafion modified electrode shows excellent electrochemical properties. The IL-rGO/AuNDs/Nafion modified electrode combined individual advantages as a whole and showed good responses for iron ions. Under the optimized conditions, the reduction peak currents of iron have a good linear relation with its concentrations ranging from 0.30 to 100 mmol L À1 with the detection limit of 35 nmol L À1 . More importantly, this sandwich structured modified electrode had a good anti-interference ability and successfully applied in the determination of the total dissolved iron in coastal waters.

Controlled synthesis of dendritic gold nanostructures by graphene oxide and their morphology-dependent performance for iron detection in coastal waters

“…6 Numerous Au nanostructures, such as nanocubes, nanoplates, nanorods, branches, porous sheets, and dendrites have been synthesized to modify electrodes under this approach. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Among these Au nanostructures used to modify electrodes, considerable attention has been devoted to dendritic Au nanostructures (DAuNs) because of their wide potential applications in electrochemical sensing and electro-catalysis. 18,19 Most of the electrodeposition methods used to obtain the DAuNs involved the use of different additives such as iodide, Nmethylimidazole, cysteine, and Fe(III) ions; such additives play important roles during the electrochemical growth of DAuNs.…”

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Among these Au nanostructures used to modify electrodes, considerable attention has been devoted to dendritic Au nanostructures (DAuNs) because of their wide potential applications in electrochemical sensing and electro-catalysis. 18,19 Most of the electrodeposition methods used to obtain the DAuNs involved the use of different additives such as iodide, Nmethylimidazole, cysteine, and Fe(III) ions; such additives play important roles during the electrochemical growth of DAuNs. 3,[16][17][18]20,21 However, a question about this method had arisen because almost all of the DAuNs were obtained with the help of other additives in the electrolyte.…”

“…18,19 Most of the electrodeposition methods used to obtain the DAuNs involved the use of different additives such as iodide, Nmethylimidazole, cysteine, and Fe(III) ions; such additives play important roles during the electrochemical growth of DAuNs. 3,[16][17][18]20,21 However, a question about this method had arisen because almost all of the DAuNs were obtained with the help of other additives in the electrolyte. Different strategies were necessary to remove these additives before used.…”

Dual-nanomaterial based electrode for voltammetric stripping of trace Fe(II) in coastal waters

“…In order to better understand the bioavailability of redox iron species to microorganisms, it is necessary to improve our knowledge of iron redox speciation and its behavior in the marine system. Therefore, many sensitive methods have been developed to determine Fe(III) in seawater with good limits of detection [7][8][9], there is an urgent need to develop an applicable method to determine Fe(II) in seawaters.…”

An electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticles modified electrode for determination of iron in coastal waters

“…Electrochemical method [12][13][14] has been identified as an extremely sensitive technique for iron determination due to its advantages of low cost, fast analysis speed, quick detection, portable instruments, high sensitivity and selectivity. Nowadays iron was always detected by using mercury electrode as working electrode [15,16].…”