Electrochemical determination of selected antihypertensive and antituberculosis drugs at a tyrosine-modified electrode

Abstract

A simple and sensitive electrochemical method was proposed for the determination of hydralazine hydrochloride (HDH), isoniazid (ISN), ethambutol hydrochloride (EBH) and pyrazinamide (PZM). For the first time, a tyrosine (Tyr)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was employed for the determination of HDH, ISN, PZM and EBH by the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique. The proposed modified electrode showed strong electrocatalytic activity towards the above-mentioned drugs with a higher peak enhancement than that of an unmodified electrode. The practicality of the proposed electrode for the detection of HDH, ISN, PZM and EBH in human urine and blood serum samples was successfully demonstrated using the DPV technique. The applicability of the proposed method was verified with commercially available pharmaceutical tablets and the obtained results were in good agreement with the claimed label amounts of the tablets. From these results, it is clearly evident that the proposed electrode shows good catalytic activity towards HDH, ISN, PZM and EBH. In addition, this method could be used in the future for the accurate detection of HDH, ISN, PZM, and EBH in clinical and pharmaceutical industries.

Sensitive electrochemical determination of ethambutol in pharmaceutical formulation and human urine at nickel nanoparticles/electrochemically reduced graphene oxide modified electrode

“…This indicates that the proportion of the electrons and protons involved in the oxidation reaction of ETB at NiNPs/ERGO/GCE are in 2:1 ratio. This is in agreement with previous reports [7].…”

“…For example, an excess intake of isoniazid and pyrazinamide causes hepatic failure, leading to a fatal condition due to the excess formation of hydrazine during the isoniazid metabolism. Likewise, continuous use of ETB causes ophthalmic problems [7]. In contrast to rifampicin, isoniazid or pyrazinamide which are essentially eliminated by the liver, ETB is renally excreted, with two-thirds of the administered dose being recovered unchanged in urine.…”

“…Therefore, it is very important to develop a simple, sensitive, reliable and environmentally friendly method for the determination of ethambutol. Several analytical techniques were reported including, potentiometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis, supercritical fluid chromatography, mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography and electroanalytical methods [5,7,[9][10][11][12][13]. However, attention has been given to electrochemical techniques recently owing to their operational simplicity, sensitivity, cost effectiveness, absence of extensive sample pretreatment and suitability for onsite analysis due to their portability.…”

Simultaneous detection of ethambutol and pyrazinamide with IL@CoFe2O4NPs@MWCNTs fabricated glassy carbon electrode

“…The acceptable recoveries were noted for the detection of ETB and PZM. The developed IL@CoFe 2 O 4 NPs@MWCNTs@GCE sensor might be competent in the detection of ETB and PZM in more commercial pharmaceuticals compared to that of other related techniques 16,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] .…”

“…Recently, metallic and transition metal oxide nanoparticles especially spinel ferrite MFe 2 O 4 has growing the interest of researchers in the development of ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors with multifaceted applications ranging from environmental to point-of-care applications, whereas magnetic and electrical conducting nature of the MFe 2 O 4 nanocomposite depends on the M 2+ cation 16,17 . The cations such as Co, Mg, Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn and Mn were often used metals in the nanocomposites 18 .…”