“…So far RuO 2 and IrO 2 are the most effective catalysts for OER, but the high price and limited natural sources lead to search for alternative materials. The transition metal-based OER catalysts, especially cobalt-and nickel-containing oxide, hydroxide and oxyhydroxide, are reasonable selection due to their photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activity in OER, good stability and earth abundant nature [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. A spinel-type cobalt oxide Co 3 O 4 , consisting of Co 2? at tetrahedral sites and Co 3? at octahedral sites, exhibits great electrocatalytic activity and stability in alkaline media [15,16].…”