Electrochemical effect on boundary lubrication of ZDDP additive blended in propylene carbonate / diethyl succinate

Cao, Haiyang; Meng, Yonggang

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2018.05.025

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…ZDDP was moderately effective in decreasing wear at all potentials, so the authors suggested that this indicated that its reaction to form tribofilms was not primarily electrochemical in nature [35]. In 2018, a similar study by Cao and Meng of ZDDP solutions in a blend of PC and diethylsuccinate also found friction and wear to be decreased at oxidising potentials [89].…”

Section: Three-electrode Systems In Non-aqueous Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that the additive was effective in decreasing friction at oxidising electrode potentials. Very recently Cao and Meng studied the response of ZDDP in a polycarbonate/ ester blend to applied electrode potential [89]. In 2011, Xie et al studied the effect of large applied potential differences across a steel ball on coated glass disc contact lubricated by various organic liquids including a hydrocarbon and various alcohols [90].…”

Section: Recent Research On Triboelectrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of providing active control of additive reactions, applied potentials have been shown to influence friction and wear of lubricant additive-containing solutions but to date only a very limited number of additives, primarily fatty acids [33,62], organosulphate salts [34,88,99], ZDDP [33,35,89] and DBDS [127] have been studied in this way. Perhaps this is surprising since outside of tribology a series of studies by Dubois et al has shown that applied electrode potentials can control the reaction of many chemicals at surfaces, including polymerisation of acetate to polyethylene [168], acrolein to polyacrolein [169] phenols to polyphenyl oxides [170] and anilines and vinylcarbazoles to organic polymers [171,172].…”

Section: Adsorption Versus Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triboelectrochemistry: Influence of Applied Electrical Potentials on Friction and Wear of Lubricated Contacts

Spikes

2020

Tribol Lett

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Research on the effects of applied electrical potential on friction and wear, a topic sometimes termed “Triboelectrochemistry”, has been reviewed. Historically, most such research has focussed on aqueous lubricants, whose relatively high electrical conductivities enable use of three-electrode electrochemical kinetic techniques, in which the electrode potential at a single electrode | fluid interface is controlled relative to a suitable reference electrode. This has led to identification of several different mechanisms by which applied electrode potentials can influence friction and wear. Of these, the most practically important are: (i) promotion of adsorption/desorption of polar additives on tribological surfaces by controlling the latters’ surface charges; (ii) stimulation or suppression of redox reactions involving either oxygen or lubricant additives at tribological surfaces. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the effects of applied electrical potentials on rubbing contacts lubricated by non-aqueous lubricants, such as ester- and hydrocarbon-based oils. Two different approaches have been used to study this. In one, a DC potential difference in the mV to V range is applied directly across a thin film, lubricated contact to form a pair of electrode | fluid interfaces. This has been found to promote some additive reactions and to influence friction and wear. However, little systematic exploration has been reported of the underlying processes and generally the electrode potentials at the interfaces have not been well defined. The second approach is to increase the conductivity of non-aqueous lubricants by adding secondary electrolytes and/or using micro/nanoscale electrodes, to enable the use of three-electrode electrochemical methods at single metal | fluid interfaces, with reference and counter electrodes. A recent development has been the introduction of ionic liquids as both base fluids and lubricant additives. These have relatively high electrical conductivities, allowing control of applied electrode potentials of individual metal | fluid interfaces, again with reference and counter electrodes. The broadening use of “green”, aqueous-based lubricants also enlarges the possible future scope of applied electrode potentials in tribology. From research to date, there would appear to be considerable opportunities for using applied electrical potentials both to promote desirable and to supress unwanted lubricant interactions with rubbing surfaces, thereby improving the tribological performance of lubricated machine components. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Three-electrode Systems In Non-aqueous Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recent Research On Triboelectrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adsorption Versus Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triboelectrochemistry: Influence of Applied Electrical Potentials on Friction and Wear of Lubricated Contacts

Spikes

2020

Tribol Lett

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“…Single-molecule mechanochemistry of macromolecules was measured by atomic force microscope (Zhang and Zhang, 2003). In addition, the formation of the ZDDP tribofilms (Cao and Meng, 2018) and synthesis of some kinds of mechanoluminescent also belongs to the field of the mechanochemistry. Another phenomenon is that friction could cause a phase transition for some solid materials.…”

Section: Mechanochemical Reactions and Thermal Activation Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Chemical Potential Equation for Modeling Triboelectrochemical Reactions on Solid–Liquid Interfaces

2021

Self Cite

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Triboelectrochemical reactions occur on solid–liquid interfaces in wide range of applications when an electric field strong enough and a frictional stress high enough are simultaneously imposed on the interfaces. A characteristic of triboelectrochemical reactions is that not only the thermal energy but also the electrical and mechanical energies can activate, assist, or mitigate the solid–liquid interface chemical reactions, the products of which affect electrical and tribological behavior of the interfaces inversely. In previous studies, we have found that the coupling of frictional and electric effects could physically change the migration, adsorption, and desorption behaviors of the polar molecules, ions, or charged particles included in aqueous or nonaqueous base lubricant toward or away from the interfaces and thus control the boundary lubrication. Recently, we have found that the friction coefficient and surface appearance of some kinds of metals could also be modulated to some extent even in pure water or pure base oils under external electric stimulations. We attribute these changes to the triboelectrochemical reactions occurred when a strong external electric field is imposed on. Based on the effective collision model of chemical reactions, a chemical potential equation, which includes both electrical and mechanical contributions, has been derived. The proposed chemical potential equation can be used to explain the observed triboelectrochemical phenomenon in experiments. Based on the model, a novel method for oxidation coloring of the selected areas in metal surfaces is proposed. Together with the physical adsorption and desorption model of lubricant additives, the triboelectrochemical reaction model can well explain the phenomena of potential-controlled boundary lubrication in different lubrication systems and also provides a theoretical basis for other solid–liquid interface processes under the effects of electromechanical coupling.

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“…In general, external field regulation is the way that people usually choose, such as light stimulation, electric field, heat, chemicals, etc. ( Zhang et al, 2012 ; Yokoyama et al, 2014 ; Cai et al, 2017 ; Cao et al, 2018 ; Meng et al, 2020 ; Tang et al, 2020 ). Among all possibilities, light is probably utilized to realize intelligent control of photochromic self-assembly due to its remote control, non-invasive, and cleaning properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Controlled Friction by Carboxylic Azobenzene Molecular Self-Assembly Layers

Xue

Tian

et al. 2021

Front. Chem.

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Nowadays, reversible friction regulation has become the focus of scientists in terms of the flexible regulatory structure of photosensitive materials and theories since this facilitates rapid development in this field. Meanwhile, as an external stimulus, light possesses great potential and advantages in spatiotemporal control and remote triggering. In this work, we demonstrated two photo-isomerized organic molecular layers, tetra-carboxylic azobenzene (NN4A) and dicarboxylic azobenzene (NN2A), which were selected to construct template networks on the surface of the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) to study the friction properties, corresponding to the arrangement structure of self-assembled layers under light regulation. First of all, the morphology of the self-assembled layers were characterized by a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), then the nanotribological properties of the template networks were measured by atomic force microscope (AFM). Their friction coefficients are respectively changed by about 0.6 and 2.3 times under light control. The density functional theory (DFT) method was used to calculate the relationship between the force intensity and the friction characteristics of the self-assembled systems under light regulation. Herein, the use of external light stimulus plays a significant role in regulating the friction properties of the interface of the nanometer, hopefully serving as a fundamental basis for further light-controlling research for the future fabrication of advanced on-surface devices.

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Electrochemical effect on boundary lubrication of ZDDP additive blended in propylene carbonate / diethyl succinate

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Triboelectrochemistry: Influence of Applied Electrical Potentials on Friction and Wear of Lubricated Contacts

Triboelectrochemistry: Influence of Applied Electrical Potentials on Friction and Wear of Lubricated Contacts

A Chemical Potential Equation for Modeling Triboelectrochemical Reactions on Solid–Liquid Interfaces

Light-Controlled Friction by Carboxylic Azobenzene Molecular Self-Assembly Layers

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