Electrochemical energy storage and conversion: An overview

Abstract

Electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices are very unique and important for providing solutions to clean, smart, and green energy sectors particularly for stationary and automobile applications. They are broadly classified and overviewed with a special emphasis on rechargeable batteries (Li‐ion, Li‐oxygen, Li‐sulfur, Na‐ion, and redox flow batteries), electrocatalysts, and membrane electrolytes for fuel cells. The critical challenges for the development of sustainable energy storage systems are the intrinsically limited energy density, poor rate capability, cost, safety, and durability. Albeit huge advancements have been made to address these challenges, it is still long way to reach the energy demand, especially in the large‐scale storage and e‐mobility. A landscape of battery materials developments including the next generation battery technology is meticulously arrived, which enables to explore the alternate energy storage technology. Next generation energy storage systems such as Li‐oxygen, Li‐sulfur, and Na‐ion chemistries can be the potential option for outperforming the state‐of‐art Li‐ion batteries. Also, redox flow batteries, which are generally recognized as a possible alternative for large‐scale storage electricity, have the unique virtue of decoupling power and energy. In this overview, a systematic survey on the materials challenges and a comprehensive understanding of the structure–property–performance relationship of the storage and conversion devices is covered. Further, in‐depth detailing of various catalysts and membrane electrolytes that can be explored as a viable alternative for polymer electrolyte fuel cells as well as direction toward futuristic research areas is highlighted. This article is categorized under: Energy and Development > Science and Materials Sustainable Energy > Bioenergy Emerging Technologies > Energy Storage

A Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Conducting Polymer Nanocomposite Electrodes for Supercapacitors

“…To address these challenges, supercapacitors have emerged as a potential technology. Electrochemical capacitors, alternatively referred to as supercapacitors (SCs) or ultracapacitors, have attained prominence for their distinct attributes [3]. They exhibit greater power density in comparison to traditional batteries and can hold ten to one-hundred times more energy, which can be rapidly released over a short period compared to standard capacitors.…”

The mechanochemistry of lanthanum dihydride (LaH\(_{2}\)) with hydrogen (H\(_{2}\)) using the ball-mill process and the effect of oxidation on the resulting products

“…Hydrogen, with its exceptional energy density and potential as a clean fuel, has been recognized as a crucial element in the transition toward a sustainable energy landscape. Hydrogen fuel cells and energy storage systems have emerged as key technologies in pursuing a carbon-neutral society [38][39][40]. However, the efficient storage and release of hydrogen represent formidable hurdles in realizing the full potential of hydrogen-based energy solutions [41][42][43].…”

Effect of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based on Corn Starch and Lanthanum Nitrate on The Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitor

“…Hence, there is a need for advanced energy storage technology. Fuel cells, batteries, capacitors, and supercapacitors are examples of electrochemical energy storage systems [2]. Low power density, lengthy recharge times, short cycle lives, and environmental issues are just a few of the disadvantages of battery systems.…”