Electrochemical Evaluation of Titanium (IV) Oxide/Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Discharged Battery Coals as Supercapacitor Electrodes

Abstract

The TiO2 nanoparticles are electrospun with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer solution onto the discharged battery coal (DBC) electrode and the results are evaluated as a supercapacitor. The morphology and chemical composition of the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles and PAN+TiO2 nanocomposite fibers were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and FTIR analysis. Supercapacitor measurements and electrochemical characterizations of the electrodes examined by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical measurements showed that the best current value was obtained from PAN and TiO2 coated DBC. The performances of both PAN and PAN+TiO2 coated DBC electrodes were investigated as supercapacitors. PAN+TiO2/DBC showed the best specific capacitance value of 156.00 F g−1 and PAN/DBC showed 74.93 F g−1. In addition, PAN+TiO2/DBC exhibited reliable stability performance over 2000.00 cycles.

Review of the Electrospinning Process and the Electro-Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into Added-Value Chemicals

“…PAN is the most used polymer for the preparation of CNFs [5,35,38]. It offers the possibility to add different metals [32,39,40] or molecules [27,[41][42][43] to the fibers during the synthesis process. Like the other polymers (PVP, PLA, PEO, etc.…”

“…Moreover, the addition of an inorganic or organic compound can impact the stability of the mixture, as well as the electrospinning conditions. The reported amount ranges from 3 wt.% [45] to 14 wt.% [46], while the majority of the studies are done for 10-11 wt.% of PAN [34,39,40,[47][48][49][50][51][52]. The underlying parameter is the true volume of PAN solution loaded in the syringe (see Figure 1a).…”

Biomass Based Materials in Electrochemical Supercapacitor Applications

“…Many modifications have been developed to load on the electrode surface and to keep this charge in the double layer for the desired time, that is, to provide charging and discharging when needed. Conductive polymers [30], nanofibers [31], graphene and graphene oxide [32], carbon-based [19] or metal-metal oxide derivative hybrid [33] or nanostructures of different sizes and many other types of modifications.…”

Evaluation of the fuel cell performances of TiO2/PAN electrospun carbon-based electrodes

“…It has been seen that hydrophobic nature of PAN nanofiber produced a capacitance or resistance on the surface. Capacitance property of the nanofiber is enhanced by the TiO 2 nps in the composite structure [47].…”

“…Therefore, its components and conductivity still need to be investigated after the battery conditions are used. However, our group has recently published a study on the examination of the TiO 2 +PAN coated DBC electrode as a supercapacitor [47] and also Zr and Ce modified DBC electrodes successfully applied in electrolysis cells [48]. In the supercapacitor application, mostly capacitive properties of the developed electrode were investigated and evaluated as a good candidate for FC applications.…”