Electrochemical formation of poly(thionine) thin films: The effect of amine group on the polymeric film formation of phenothiazine dyes

Abstract

The electropolymerization of thionine in an aqueous solution has been carried out by using both cycling voltammetry and chronoamperometry experiments. Electropolymerization has been applied at various pHs by using different working electrodes. The characterization of poly(thionine) thin films is performed by using cyclic voltammetry, current-time transients, atomic force microscopy, scanning tunnelling microscopy, ATR-FTIR, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy techniques. It is deduced from currenttime transients and morphological data that poly(thionine) film forms with random adsorption process and exhibits an irregular polymeric film. Poly(thionine) film formation was compared with that of previously published results of phenothiazine derivatives of poly(azure A) and poly(methylene blue). It has been concluded that type of amine functional group of phenothiazine dyes is very effective on the formation of polymeric film structure.

Preparation and electrochemical and electrochromic properties of wrinkled poly(N-methylthionine) film

“…Under cyclic voltammetry conditions, the range of the potential scan, specifically the upper potential limit, is most important for the formation of polythionine and its derivatives [21,32]. Fig.…”

“…Simultaneously, thionine can undergo electrochemical polymerization in an aqueous solution to produce a stable polymer, polythionine, which has apparently exhibited different characteristics of chemical structure and properties from polyaniline [20,21]. Polythionine can be a conducting polymer as well as act as a redox mediator, which makes it very attractive [22][23][24][25].…”

Formation Mechanism of Polymeric Thin Films of Azure B on Gold Electrodes

“…Both methods provides an easy and economic approach, film thickness control, and saving of time. In the literature, some electropolymerized phenothiazine derivative dye molecules have been studied such as methylene blue (MB), thionine (TH),, azure A (AA),, azure B (AB), and methylene green ,…”

Sensitivity Control of Label‐free DNA Hybridization Detection Based on Poly(thionine)‐Modified Glassy Carbon and Gold Electrodes

“…Prior to the electrochemical polymerization of thionine, GCE, and Au electrodes were polished with 0.05 µm alumina/water slurry on a polishing cloth (Buehler Company, Esslingen, Germany), followed by sonication, washing with water, and drying by nitrogen purging. The single‐step and double‐step polymerization of thionine on GCE and Au electrodes were performed according to previous reports . Briefly, the PTH‐S/GCE was prepared by sweeping the potential between −0.4 and +1.1 V (15 cycles) in 0.1 mM thionine solution in PBS (pH 7.0).…”

“…The single-step and double-step polymerization of thionine on GCE and Au electrodes were performed according to previous reports. 9,30 Briefly, the PTH-S/GCE was prepared by sweeping the potential between −0. ) group at the 5' end of the pDNA.…”