Electrochemical growth and characterization of micro/nanostructured SnOx with crater-like morphology

Electrocatalytic Performance of Interconnected Self‐Standing Tin Nanowire Network Produced by AAO Template Method for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction**

“…In Figure 2, the Raman spectrum of inter‐branched self‐standing tin nanowires (Sn‐NW) is given. Only low‐intensity peaks standing for SnO, SnO 2 , and Sn 3 O 4 (2SnO.SnO 2 ) structures were observed [45–51] . Peaks representing tetragonal rutile SnO 2 structure at 622 or 632 cm −1 were not present in the spectrum.…”

“…Similar Raman results were found in other studies. [46,50,51] Cyclic voltammograms of tin metal sheet (Sn) and freestanding Sn-NW obtained in H-cell set-up are given in Figure 3. Sn-NW electrode showed 9-10 times higher current density than Sn for the equal geometrical area.…”

“…It is well known that the anodic oxidation of tin in acidic solutions gives mainly irregular and discontinued porous oxide structures with micro-cracks. [42][43][44][45][46] The pioneering work performed by Wang et al revealed that highly porous oxide structures could also be obtained in an alkaline solution under DC potential up to 15 V. [42] Additionally, the studies of Zaraska et al revealed the possibility of crack-free and open pore oxide structures at low potentials (� 5 V). [43][44][45] Thus, we anodically oxidized self-standing tin nanowires in 1 M NaOH solution under 4 V DC for 30 min to obtain crack-free porous oxide structures.…”

Improving the photoelectrochemical performance of porous anodic SnO x films by adjusting electrosynthesis conditions

“…[20][21][22] However, noticeable attention is also focused on the photoelectrochemical properties of porous anodic SnO x layers because of their promising properties such as high electronic conductivity, favorable valence band edge position, as well as the possibility of self-doping. 23,29,30,38,39 Bearing in mind the enhanced photoelectrochemical activity of nanotubular TiO 2 layers with a complex internal morphology (eg, bamboo-like nanotubes 33 or branched nanotubes [40][41][42] ) and the opportunity for direct formation of a junction between two different types of anodic SnO x films, here we present for the very first time, a detailed photoelectrochemical characterization of the nanoporous tin oxide films with segments of different channel diameters. Moreover, since the thickness of nanostructured anodic film also seems to be a crucial parameter affecting its PEC performance, 43,44 anodic SnO x with different thicknesses have also been characterized for the first time.…”

“…Considering the possible applications in photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical systems, anodically generated TiO 2 nanotubes are most often studied 20‐22 . However, noticeable attention is also focused on the photoelectrochemical properties of porous anodic SnO x layers because of their promising properties such as high electronic conductivity, favorable valence band edge position, as well as the possibility of self‐doping 23,29,30,38,39 . Bearing in mind the enhanced photoelectrochemical activity of nanotubular TiO 2 layers with a complex internal morphology (eg, bamboo‐like nanotubes 33 or branched nanotubes 40‐42 ) and the opportunity for direct formation of a junction between two different types of anodic SnO x films, here we present for the very first time, a detailed photoelectrochemical characterization of the nanoporous tin oxide films with segments of different channel diameters.…”