Electrochemical Hydrogen Production Powered by PV/CSP Hybrid Power Plants: A Modelling Approach for Cost Optimal System Design

Rosenstiel, Andreas; Monnerie, Nathalie; Dersch, Jürgen; Roeb, Martin; Pitz‐Paal, Robert; Sattler, Christian

doi:10.3390/en14123437

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Hydrogen offers great military potential as a fuel source, but also plays an important role in the chemical, fertiliser, petrochemical and food industries. Hydrogen may be the key to the success of mobile nuclear power plants [19] because not only is it a high-energy gas, but also the electrochemical and thermochemical processes do not emit carbon dioxide, unlike the chemical processes of making hydrogen from natural gas.…”

Section: The Potential Of Mobile Micro-reactor Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Nuclear-Hydrogen Synergy in NATO Operations

Gryz¹,

Król

Witkowska

et al. 2021

Energies

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An uninterrupted chain of energy supplies is the core of every activity, without exception for the operations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. A robust and efficient energy supply is fundamental for the success of missions and a guarantee of soldier safety. However, organizing a battlefield energy supply chain is particularly challenging because the risks and threats are particularly high. Moreover, the energy supply chain is expected to be flexible according to mission needs and able to be moved quickly if necessary. In line with ongoing technological changes, the growing popularity of hydrogen is undeniable and has been noticed by NATO as well. Hydrogen is characterised by a much higher energy density per unit mass than other fuels, which means that hydrogen fuel can increase the range of military vehicles. Consequently, hydrogen could eliminate the need for risky refuelling stops during missions as well as the number of fatalities associated with fuel delivery in combat areas. Our research shows that a promising prospect lies in the mobile technologies based on hydrogen in combination with use of the nuclear microreactors. Nuclear microreactors are small enough to be easily transported to their destinations on heavy trucks. Depending on the design, nuclear microreactors can produce 1–20 MW of thermal energy that could be used directly as heat or converted to electric power or for non-electric applications such as hydrogen fuel production. The aim of the article is to identify a model of nuclear-hydrogen synergy for use in NATO operations. We identify opportunities and threats related to mobile energy generation with nuclear-hydrogen synergy in NATO operations. The research presented in this paper identifies the best method of producing hydrogen using a nuclear microreactor. A popular and environmentally “clean” solution is electrolysis due to the simplicity of the process. However, this is less efficient than chemical processes based on, for example, the sulphur-iodine cycle. The results of the research presented in this paper show which of the methods and which cycle is the most attractive for the production of hydrogen with the use of mini-reactors. The verification criteria include: the efficiency of the process, its complexity and the residues generated as a result of the process (waste)—all taking into account usage for military purposes.

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Section: The Potential Of Mobile Micro-reactor Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Nuclear-Hydrogen Synergy in NATO Operations

Gryz¹,

Król

Witkowska

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…e traditional CSP faces the problem of a single heat storage source, which cannot give full exert its flexible operation capabilities. An electric boiler is important thermoelectric conversion equipment, which can realize one-way and efficient conversion of thermoelectric energy [14,15]. e combined operation of the electric boiler and CSP can realize the bidirectional conversion of electric energy and thermal energy [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributionally Robust Optimal Dispatching of CHP Microgrid considering Concentrating Solar Power and Uncertainty

Zhao

Wang

2022

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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In order to solve the problem of diversified low-carbon energy supply with renewable energy as the main body, concentrating solar power (CSP) stations are introduced to act as cogeneration units. Taking full advantage of the flexible coupling and multienergy complementarity of electric, heat, and gas, an economic dispatch method for combined heat and power microgrid systems (CHP microgrid) with interconnected electric, heat, and gas is proposed. First, build the CSP-CHP microgrid structure and model the main equipment. Then, aiming at the minimum operating cost of the system, a regular scheduling model of the CSP-CHP microgrid system is established. On this basis, in order to deal with the uncertainty of renewable energy output, a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model is introduced. In the DRO model, the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is used to construct an ambiguity set about the predicted error of renewable energy output, and finally, the CSP-CHP microgrid DRO economic dispatch model is established. Finally, the system is simulated and analyzed in a typical CSP-CHP microgrid system, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by analysis. In addition, the necessity of introducing CSP and the advantages of the DRO model is further explained by comparison.

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“…The provision of high-temperature heat using a CST system with an electrical energy supply from photovoltaic (PV) results in H 2 production costs (LCOH) below 5 USD/kg H 2 [7]. In other scenarios using alkaline electrolysis and CSP/PV as electrical energy sources, H 2 costs can get as low as 3.09 USD/kg with about 4000 full load hours in a 2030 scenario and 3.3 USD/kg at almost 7000 h [14]. For more efficient H 2 production, the use of HTE in a CST process is promising lower production costs due to the very high efficiency of the HTE [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Stoichiometric Redox Thermochemical Energy Storage Analysis for High Temperature Applications

et al. 2022

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Concentrated solar power is capable of providing high-temperature process streams to different applications. One promising application is the high-temperature electrolysis process demanding steam and air above 800 °C. To overcome the intermittence of solar energy, energy storage is required. Currently, thermal energy at such temperatures can be stored predominately as sensible heat in packed beds. However, such storage suffers from a loss of usable storage capacity after several cycles. To improve such storage, a one-dimensional packed bed thermal energy storage model using air as a heat transfer medium is set up and used to investigate and quantify the benefit of the incorporation of different thermochemical materials from the class of perovskites. Perovskites undergo a non-stoichiometric reaction extension which offers the utilization of thermochemical heat over a larger temperature range. Three different perovskites were considered: SrFeO3, CaMnO3 and Ca0.8Sr0.2MnO3. In total, 15 vol% of sensible energy storage has been replaced by one perovskite and different positions of the reactive material are analyzed. The effect of reactive heat on storage performance and thermal degradation over 15 consecutive charging and discharging cycles is studied. Based on the selected variation and reactive material, storage capacity and useful energy capacity are increased. The partial replacement close to the cold inlet/outlet of the storage system can increase the overall storage capacity by 10.42%. To fully utilize the advantages of thermochemical material, suitable operation conditions and a fitting placement of the material are vital.

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Electrochemical Hydrogen Production Powered by PV/CSP Hybrid Power Plants: A Modelling Approach for Cost Optimal System Design

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Mobile Nuclear-Hydrogen Synergy in NATO Operations

Mobile Nuclear-Hydrogen Synergy in NATO Operations

Distributionally Robust Optimal Dispatching of CHP Microgrid considering Concentrating Solar Power and Uncertainty

Non-Stoichiometric Redox Thermochemical Energy Storage Analysis for High Temperature Applications

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