Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the presence of non-linear distortions and non-stationary behaviour

Nonlinear frequency response analysis of PEM fuel cells for diagnosis of dehydration, flooding and CO-poisoning

“…A well established method in the electrochemical field is high amplitude AC voltammetry, especially developed in the group of Alan Bond and co-workers [31]. In the field of corrosion the group of Hubin et al uses specially designed broadband excitation signals to determine impedance, the level of the disturbing noise, the level of the nonlinear distortions, and the level of the non-stationary behaviour simultaneously [32,33]. Another nonlinear method descended from EIS is the so called Nonlinear Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (NLEIS), suggested by Darowicki and co-workers in the field of corrosion [34].…”

Investigation of the Adsorption Mechanism of Heterocyclic Molecules on Copper using Potentiodynamic ORP-EIS and In-situ Ramans pectroscopy

“…A National Instruments PCI-4461 DAQ-card with a builtin anti-aliasing filter performs the data generation and treatment of the PD ORP-EIS measurements. The multisine signal is simultaneously applied with a 2 mV/s potential sweep and is composed in the same manner as described earlier [21,22].…”

“…To validate the measurement noise and gather further information on the adsorption process, potentiodynamic odd random phase electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PD ORP-EIS) [21,22] is used in addition to in-situ SERS. This measurement methodology is a continuation of our previous work on MMTD adsorption [11] where a random phase multisine EIS technique was used which provides less statistical information compared to ORP-EIS [25].…”

Asymptotic Uncertainty of Transfer Function Estimates Using Non-Parametric Noise Models

“…The identification problem formulated in (1) and (2) is important in a wide variety of engineering applications such as, the study of corrosion phenomena [1], modelling of FT) electrical machines [2], modal analysis of civil engineering dic structures (bridges and buildings) [3], (non-)linear characterization of integrated circuits (operational and high (2) frequency amplifiers) [4], bit error rate measurement [5], control design [6], [7], ... Since an identified model has z-i practically no value without confidence bounds, the for identification procedure that calculates the estimate 9 should ms. also provide an (accurate) estimate of the covariance matrix of the 0.…”