Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies of polymer degradation: application to biosensor development

Novel poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/poly(ethylene oxide) blends for battery separators in lithium-ion applications

“…The ionic conductivity was measured during the heating cycles. Then, the ionic conductivity was determined by (2) where is the thickness, is the area of the samples and is the bulk resistance obtained from the intercept of the imaginary impedance (minimum value of Z'') with the slanted line in the real impedance (Z') through the Randles circuit [16].…”

Effect of the degree of porosity on the performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/poly(ethylene oxide) blend membranes for lithium-ion battery separators

“…The sample temperature variation ranged from 20 to 140 o C and was measured by means of a type K thermocouple placed close to the films. The ionic conductivity was measured during the heating cycles and determined by (4) where is the thickness, is the area of the samples and is the bulk resistance obtained from the intercept of the imaginary impedance (minimum value of Z'') with the slanted line in the real impedance (Z') through the Randles circuit [33]. The tortuosity (τ), the ratio between the effective capillarity to thickness of the sample, was determined by [34]: (5) where σ 0 is the electrical conductivity of the liquid electrolyte, σ eff is the conductivity of the membrane and the electrolyte set and φ is the porosity of the membrane.…”

Impedimetric immunosensors—A review

“…Various types of impedimetric immunosensors based on the electrodeposition of nanometer-sized hydroxyapatite [49], polymer degradation phenomena [50], molecular imprinted polymers [51], magnetic nanobeads [52] have also been proposed.…”