Electrochemical impedance study of initial lithium ion intercalation into graphite powders

Wang, Chunsheng; Appleby, A.J.; Little, Frank E.

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00782-9

Cited by 177 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

124

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The microscopic device showed very high impedance under the open circuit condition, compared with macroscopic cells. 2,3 Time lapse movie A movie of Li intercalation is compiled from time lapse imaging data, and is available in the attachment. Figure S3.…”

Section: Apparent High Overpotential and Parallel Reaction Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Lithium intercalated graphite shows a rich phase diagram and is widely used as the anode in batteries and other electrochemical energy storage systems. Understanding Li intercalation is a critical technological problem that has been studied principally using electrochemical methods: [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] potentiostatic intermittent titration (PITT), galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and slow scan rate cyclic voltammetry(CV). Additional information on elementary atomic hopping steps of Li transport has also been obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 While these methods yield valuable insight, electrical measurements alone cannot uniquely specify the kinetics. 3,7 Electrical measurements couple the sequential formation of different GIC phases with Li + transport in the electrolyte, interfacial (electrolyte/graphite) Li + injection, and side redox reactions. Moreover, common graphite anodes are inhomogeneous, consisting of heterogeneous graphite particles connected by polymer binders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Guo

Smith

et al. 2016

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

103

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Apparent High Overpotential and Parallel Reaction Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Guo

Smith

et al. 2016

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

103

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This is because Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 shows exceptionally high rate performance, excellent cycling stability, and good Li-insertion electrochemistry with a formal potential of ~1.55 V vs. Li + /Li as an anode in LIBs. [2][3][4][5][6] As a result of the high redox potential of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , the formation of a solid electrolyte interface layer [7][8][9][10] and Li-metal deposition or electroplating 11 on the surface of the anode, all detrimental to LIB use, can be prevented. It is generally accepted that the Li (de)intercalation reaction in Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 proceeds through a reversible two-phase reaction (Eq.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Migration in Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Studied Using in Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We used in situ neutron powder diffraction (NPD) to study the migration of Li in Li4Ti5O12 anodes with different particle sizes during battery cycling. The motivation of this work was to uncover the mechanism of the increased capacity of the battery made with a smaller-particle-sized anode. In real time, we monitored the anode lattice parameter, Li distribution, and oxidation state of the Ti atom, and these suggested an increase in the rate of Li incorporation into the anode rather than a change in the migration pathway as a result of the particle size reduction. The lattice of these anodes during continuous lithiation undergoes expansion followed by a gradual contraction and then expansion again. The measured lattice parameter changes were reconciled with Li occupation at specific sites within the Li4Ti5O12 crystal structure, where Li migrates from the 8a to 16c sites. Despite these similar Li-diffusion pathways, in larger-particle-sized Li4Ti5O12 the population of Li at the 16c site is accompanied by Li depopulation from the 8a site, which is in contrast to the smaller-particlesized anode where our results suggest that Li at the 8a site is replenished faster than the rate of transfer of Li to the 16c site. Fourier-difference nuclear density maps of both anodes suggest that 32e sites are involved in the diffusion pathway of Li. NPD is again shown to be an excellent tool for the study of electrode materials for Liion batteries, particularly when it is used to probe real-time crystallographic changes of the materials in an operating battery during charge-discharge cycling. KEYWORDS: in-situ neutron diffraction, lithium ion battery, lithium titanium oxide, particle size, lithiation and delithiation mechanism.ABSTRACT: We use in-situ neutron powder diffraction (NPD) to study the migration of Li in Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anodes with different particle sizes during battery cycling. The motivation of this work was to uncover the mechanism for increased capacity of the battery made with a smaller particle-sized anode. We monitor in real time the anode lattice parameter, Li distribution, and the oxidation state of the Ti atom, with these suggesting an increase in the rate of Li incorporation into the anode rather than a change in migration pathway as a result of the particle size reduction. The lattice of these anodes during continuous lithiation undergoes expansion, followed by a gradual contraction, and lastly expansion again. The measured lattice parameter changes are reconciled with Li occupation at specific sites within the Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 crystal structure, where Li migrates from the 8a to 16c sites. Despite these similar Li diffusion pathways, in the larger particle-sized Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 the population of Li at the 16c site is accompanied by Li depopulation from the 8a site, in contrast to the smaller particle-sized anode where our results suggest that the Li at the 8a site is replenished faster that the rate of transfer of Li to the 16c site. Fourier-difference nuclear density maps of both anodes suggest that 32...

show abstract

“…The [47,48]. The slope line at low frequency corresponds to the Warburg impedance (Z w ), which is related to the Li-ion diffusion in the electrodes [45].…”

Section: Impedance Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Li4Ti5O12/TiO2-SiO2 and Li4Ti5O12/SiO2 composites as an anode material for Li-ion batteries

Kurc

2017

Ionics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The commercial electrode Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 was modified with SiO 2 and TiO 2 -SiO 2 . All samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size distribution (PSD), porous structure parameters (low-temperature N 2 sorption), galvanostatic charge-discharge test, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Appropriate amount of TiO 2 -SiO 2 and SiO 2 could effectively reduce the electrochemical polarization of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and enhance electrochemical reaction kinetics of Li + insertion/ deinsertion. Moreover, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /TiO 2 -SiO 2 provides a high rate capacity of 165 mAh g −1 at the high current density of 0.5 C. To investigate cycle stability of the electrode materials at high current density, the measurements were directly carried out at 3 C. SEM images of the LTO/TiO 2 -SiO 2 , LTO, and LTO/SiO 2 particles after galvanostatic charging/discharging show that they were coated by a uniform layer (the SEI layer).

show abstract

Electrochemical impedance study of initial lithium ion intercalation into graphite powders

Cited by 177 publications

References 15 publications

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Lithium Migration in Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Studied Using in Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction

Li4Ti5O12/TiO2-SiO2 and Li4Ti5O12/SiO2 composites as an anode material for Li-ion batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Electrochemical impedance study of initial lithium ion intercalation into graphite powders

Cited by 177 publications

References 15 publications

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Lithium Migration in Li4Ti5O12 Studied Using in Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction

Li4Ti5O12/TiO2-SiO2 and Li4Ti5O12/SiO2 composites as an anode material for Li-ion batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Lithium Migration in Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Studied Using in Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction