Electrochemical in vitro Properties of 316L Stainless Steel for Orthodontic Applications

Abstract

316L Stainless steels are widely used in biomedical applications with respect to their excellent corrosion resistance, nonmagnetic properties, high ductility and acceptable biocompatibility. There have been made electrochemical studies in-vitro in order to determine the corrosion reactions, which are necessary for foreseeing the behavior of the materials used in orthodontic applications. The degradation of metals and alloys in the human body is a combination of effects due to corrosion and mechanical activities. In dentistry, 316L stainless steel are used in a variety of applications: sterilized instruments, endodontic files in root canal therapy, metal posts in root canal treated teeth, temporary crowns, arch wires and brackets in orthodontics, a necessary condition for these applications must to resist to pitting corrosion. The pitting corrosion can be observed only in the case of passivable steels and in the presence of halogen or sulphur ions, in saline or acidic media like the human body. this type of corrosion propagates under the form of small pits, which give off to a significant quantity of metal ions, being very dangerous to the body. The metal ions resulted from the corrosive processes have allergic, carcinogenic and cytotoxic effects. The aim of this work was to evaluate the corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel immersed in two artificial saliva solutions. The electrochemical measurements such as: open Circuit Potential (OCP), linear Polarization Resistance (LRP), and electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), methods were used to fulfill the corrosion evaluation. The research work concludes that the increase of the pH with a higher concentration of chloride contents lead to a lowest corrosion resistance while a decrease of the pH with a lowest concentration of chlorides contents reveals a higher corrosion resistance.

Effect of Biological Solution and pH on Corrosion Resistance of 304L SS for Dental Brackets

“…A three electrode cell was used and consists of: as working electrode (WE) the 304 L stainless steel sample with active area of 3.5 cm 2 , an Ag/AgCl (saturated solution of KCl) as reference electrode (RE) and a Pt-Rh grid as the counter electrode (CE). Two types of simulated body fluids were selected, namely Hank's solution (pH = 7.25) and Fusayama Meyer artificial saliva (pH=4.8) [15], Citric acid pH= 1.81) was also selected for corrosion study of 304L stainless steel because it is found in citrus juice, apples, tobacco leaf, wine, etc. and can affect the composition and change the pH of the mouth cavity.…”

The Effect of Fluoride Containing Toothpaste on the Electrochemical Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel for Dentistry Applications in the Human Saliva

“…From the linear polarization diagram, quantitative information on the polarization resistance and corrosion currents can be extracted from the curve slope according to the Stern-Geary equation [5].…”

“…They can be used with equal success in the food [1], pharmaceutical industries [2] or dental medicine [3]. However, in recent years, interest in AISI 316L (316L-SS) has increased from economic considerations (low cost, reasonable strength, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility) [4][5]. For example, in dentistry, it is used in a variety of applications (endodontic files in root canal therapy, sterilized instruments, metal posts in root canal treated teeth, arch wires, temporary crowns and brackets in orthodontics) [5].…”

“…4 -2020, ISSN 2668-4748; e-ISSN 2668-4756 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.35219/mms.2020.4.07 orthodontic metal components [6,[10][11] or increase friction force [12]. In some recent studies, corrosion mechanisms of stainless steel have been examined in various solutions, including different artificial saliva [5,[13][14][15][16].…”

Electrochemical studies on the corrosion resistance of 18 K gold in artificial saliva, in the absence and presence of Gemer-2 tablet (orally taken by type 2 diabetes)

“…It is concluded that the corrosion resistance is high when pH is low (acidic condition) and chloride ion concentration is less. 8 It has been concluded that snakefruit seeds extract controlled the release of chromium and nickel ion from stainless steel orthodontic wire in saliva.…”