Electrochemical Intercalation of Lithium into Graphite

Abstract

The results of a study of the electrochemical intercalation of lithium into Lonza KS15 artificial graphite in 1M LiC104 PC/EC (50:50) electrolyte are presented here. Electrolyte decomposition reactions occur during the first discharge at about 0.8 V vs. Li metal and their extent is greatly reduced by addition of crown ethers with 12 crown 4 being most effective. A mechanism is proposed for electrolyte decomposition reactions which includes at least two types of process, namely, propylene and ethylene evolution and formation on the surface of graphite of a solid electrolyte interphase film which includes lithium alkyl carbonates. The stoichiometry of lithium intercalation into graphite is found to be inversely dependent on the cycling rates and electrode thickness and proportional to the amount of carbon black added to the graphite.

The Role of Carbonate and Sulfite Additives in Propylene Carbonate-Based Electrolytes on the Formation of SEI Layers at Graphitic Li-Ion Battery Anodes

“…15 Enhanced chemical stability against electrolyte oxidation and reduction, high ionic conductivity, high boiling points, and low melting points are required, as well as the ability to solvate a wide range of lithium salts such as LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 or LiClO 4 , [16][17][18][19][20][21] in aprotic and organic solvents such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), their mixtures, and ionic liquids. The decomposition mechanism of organic solvent and subsequent formation of SEI films near the graphite anode is a major research topic in lithium ion batteries from theoretical [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] and experimental [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] standpoints, and one of the least understood.…”

Electrochemical tuning of vertically aligned MoS 2 nanofilms and its application in improving hydrogen evolution reaction

“…Beyond intensively studied graphene-related materials (1)(2)(3)(4), there has been recent strong interest in other layered materials whose vertical thickness can be thinned down to less than few nanometers and horizontal width can also be reduced to nanoscale (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The strong interest is driven by their interesting physical and chemical properties (2,10) and their potential applications in transistors, batteries, topological insulators, thermoelectrics, artificial photosynthesis, and catalysis (4,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25).…”

Optimal Conditions for Fast Charging and Long Cycling Stability of Silicon Microwire Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries, and Comparison with the Performance of Other Si Anode Concepts

“…The lower voltage limit, corresponding to the formation of Li 22 Si 5 (the Si/Li phase with the highest Li content), is around 35 mV for Si nanowires of 50 nm in diameter [6,18], but it is around 110 mV for micron-sized wires [12]. Setting the lower voltage limit below 10 mV may cause Li plating and no Li incorporation in the anode [28]. On the other hand, setting the voltage limit above 1 V may cause undesired reactions that do not have anything to do with the delithiation of Si, producing parasitic currents.…”