Electrochemical intercalation of single-walled carbon nanotubes with lithium

Gao, Bo; Kleinhammes, Alfred; Tang, Xiangwei; Bower, Chris; Fleming, L.; Wu, Yue; Zhou, Otto

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00486-8

Cited by 375 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This process involves graphitic electrodes immersed in an electrolytic solution with a chemically and mechanically stable host (graphite in this case) which acts as a breathing matrix where ions can be sucked-on and in a discharge process the charge can be expelled-out. GICs are primary candidate for this process as a secondary cathode and Li GICs as well as Li intercalated nanotubes are used in Li ion batteries [43,44]. Recently, in-situ Raman and transport studies upon electrochemical doping have been also applied to extend the doping range to much higher levels in field effect doping via the use of nanometer-thick solid polymer electrolytes gate which provides a much higher gate capacitance than the regularly used SiO 2 back gates in FETs (2014) 2343 [45,46].…”

Section: Electrochemical Intercalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy of graphite intercalation compounds: Charge transfer, strain, and electron–phonon coupling in graphene layers

Chacón-Torres

Wirtz

Pichler

2014

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are an interesting and highly studied field since 1970's. It has gained renewed interest since the discovery of superconductivity at high temperature for CaC 6 and the rise of graphene. Intercalation is a technique used to introduce atoms or molecules into the structure of a host material. Intercalation of alkali metals in graphite has shown to be a controllable procedure recently used as a scalable technique for bulk production of graphene, and nano-ribbons by induced exfoliation of graphite. It also creates supra-molecular interactions between the host and the intercalant, inducing changes in the electronic, mechanical, and physical properties of the host. GICs are the mother system of intercalation also employed in fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon-composites. We will show how a combination of Raman and ab-initio calculations of the density and the electronic band structure in GICs can serve as a tool to elucidate the electronic structure, electron-phonon coupling, charge transfer, and lattice parameters of GICs and the graphene layers within. This knowledge of GICs is of high importance to understand superconductivity and to set the basis for applications with GICs, graphene and other nano-carbon based materials like nanocomposites in batteries and nanoelectronic devices.

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Section: Electrochemical Intercalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy of graphite intercalation compounds: Charge transfer, strain, and electron–phonon coupling in graphene layers

Chacón-Torres

Wirtz

Pichler

2014

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…In addition, because of the nature of their structure and chemical bonding, carbon nanotubes 2 are also interesting 1D host materials for lithium intercalation, and several groups have already investigated the application of carbon nanotubes as the anode for lithium batteries [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CVD growth of carbon nanotubes directly on nickel substrate

Pan

2005

Materials Letters

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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of carbon nanotubes directly on nickel substrates was carried out at different temperatures. Effects of temperature on the growth of carbon nanotubes were investigated and the nucleation and growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes at different temperature ranges were also discussed. Based on the growth mechanism of nanotubes, small amount of Fe nanoparticles were deposited on the nickel substrate to introduce more nucleation sites at elevated temperature, and the density of nanotubes on the surface of the substrate was greatly improved.

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“…15 Subsequent studies showed that the reversible electrochemical capacity of SWNT can be increased from 600 mAh/g (Li 1.6 C 6 ) to 1000 mAh/g Li 2.7 C 6 after introducing defects by ballmilling. 16 The focus of this paper is the behavior of purified, highly crystalline SWNT bulk material upon electrochemical cycling with Li. We chose to use purified and annealed SWNT in order to avoid the possible reaction of Li with impurities or defects.…”

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confidence: 99%