Electrochemical Investigation of Gold Based Screen Printed Electrodes: An Application for a Seafood Toxin Detection

Abstract

Although commercial screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) are used extensively for biosensor purposes nowadays, detailed studies on characterization are still limited. In this study, the surface of the gold‐based screen‐printed electrode (SPGE) was carefully modified with self‐assembly‐monolayer through an optimized immobilization procedure. The key physical and chemical properties with regeneration capacity of the developed biosensors were assessed by various characterization techniques. Then SPGE was used to determine its sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for a toxin substance of domoic acid in seafood that has become more common and rising concern of marine wildlife and seawater pollution. LOD in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and cell culture media were obtained as 2.93 ng mL−1 and 4.28 ng mL−1, respectively. The reduced sensitivity for antibody‐based biosensors in the cell culture medium was probably due to interaction of nonspecific compounds with DA in the culture medium compared to the much less complex environment of PBS. In addition, the regeneration capacity has been found very limited due to inherent heterogeneity and low robustness. This study can be used for the main challenges with the design requirements of commercial SPE‐based biosensors to provide a detailed perspective for further toxicity studies.

Simple and low‐cost antibiotic susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using screen‐printed electrodes

“…EIS measurements were performed after the incubation and washing process, and then normalized charge transfer resistance (R ct ) values were calculated. We applied a general linear regression analysis to define the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) parameters represented as 3.3× (σ/s) and 10× (σ/s), respectively 34,35 ; where σ represents the standard deviation, and s depicts the slope of the plotted from the R ct versus concentration of TB.…”

Transition metal complex-incorporated polyaniline as a platform for an enzymatic uric acid electrochemical sensor

“…These are typical [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−/4− redox peaks which herein appeared prominently, indicating the successful incorporation of these anions into the PANI backbone. 30,31 During this process, these anions will be positioned on the NH + backbone of PANI (Fig. S1 †), creating the PANI-RC platform.…”

Statistical Analysis of the Measurement Noise in Dynamic Impedance Spectra

“…Two experimental systems are considered: The ferri/ferrocyanide redox system (referred to as the redox system) and the intercalation of potassium ions into nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) nanoparticles (from now on referred to as the intercalation system). These two electrochemical systems have been widely studied in the literature [34–36] and are well suited for the analysis described in this study.…”