Electrochemical Investigation of the Corrosion Behavior of API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel in Carbon Dioxide Medium

Henríquez, Mauro; Pébère, Nadine; Ochoa, Nathalie; Viloria, Alfredo

doi:10.5006/0971

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For the Q&T and for the A microstructures, the inductive loop tends to close on itself giving rise to another capacitive loop. In previous works [17,18,30], the medium frequency loops are attributed to the charge transfer process on the ferritic phase freely dissolving into a faulty layer of siderite (FeCO 3 ) as corrosion product. In this case, the charge transfer resistance (R T ) would also reflect differences in the uncorroded cementite (Fe 3 C) area, revealed after 6 h of immersion for the different microstructures.…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orazem et al [18]. The effective capacitance C eff (expressed in Farads), was calculated from the CPE parameters considering a distribution of the charge transfer resistances on the electrode surface [29]:…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors have associated the protective properties of the carbonate films to the anchoring effect provided by iron carbide (Fe 3 C) [1,2,11,12]; indeed, during the exposure time, the ferritic phase dissolves whereas iron carbide (contained in the pearlite) are highlighted. This effect is a consequence of the galvanic coupling that occurs between these micro-constituents: ferrite acts as anodic site whereas cementite acts as a cathode [17,18]. However, the role of these two components on the stability and on the protective properties of the corrosion product layers is not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO2 corrosion resistance of carbon steel in relation with microstructure changes

Ochoa

Vega

Pébère

et al. 2015

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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International audienceThe microstructural effects on the corrosion resistance of an API 5L X42 carbon steel in 0.5 M NaCl solution saturated with CO2 was investigated. Four microstructures were considered: banded (B), normalized (N), quenched and tempered (Q&T), and annealed (A). Electrochemical measurements (polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) were coupled with surface analyses (scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)) to characterize the formation of the corrosion product layers. Electrochemical results revealed that corrosion resistance increased in the following order: B < N < Q&T < A. From the polarization curves it was shown that specifically, cathodic current densities were affected by microstructural changes. SEM images indicated that ferrite dissolved earlier than cementite and a thin layer of corrosion products was deposited on the steel surface. XPS analyses revealed that this layer was composed of a mixture of iron carbonate and non-dissolved cementite. It was also found that the quantity of FeCO3 content on the steel surface was greater for Q&T and A microstructures. These results, in agreement with the electrochemical data, indicate that the deposition mechanism of iron carbonate is closely related to the morphology of the non-dissolved cementite, determining the protective properties of the corrosion product layers

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Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO2 corrosion resistance of carbon steel in relation with microstructure changes

Ochoa

Vega

Pébère

et al. 2015

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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“…However this is more pronounced in the aerated environment wherein limiting diffusion current density was observed. Henriquez, et al [23] ascribed this behaviour to the mass-transport limitation (seemingly current plateau) of the reduction reaction. The variations in corrosion behaviour in the two media are made more vivid in Figure 4 which compared the Tafel plots and in Table 1 which shows the values of Tafel extrapolation parameters in unbuffered aerated seawater solutions at 25 0 C.…”

Section: Figure 1: Lpr Corrosion Rate Of the Steels In (A) Co2 Saturamentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Performance of High Strength-Low Alloy Steels in Aerated and CO2 Saturated Lyman and Fleming Solutions

Onyeji¹,

Kale²

2017

Contributed Papers From MS&T17

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Aerated and CO2 saturated Lyman and Fleming solutions were used as electrolytes to investigate the corrosion susceptibility of three high strength low alloy steels (HSLA) designated as Steel A, Steel B and Steel C. API 5L X65 carbon steel was used as reference specimen. Electrochemical Polarization (LPR and Tafel Extrapolation) and surface analysis (SEM/EDAX and XRD) techniques were used for this investigation. The results of linear polarization resistance (LPR) and potentiodynamic polarization corroborated each other presenting the corrosion performance (CP) of the steels in a descending order of CP Steel C> CP Steel B > CP X65> CP Steel A. The results also revealed a more severe corrosion attack averaging about 35% for all the steels in the aerated than in the CO2 saturated Lyman/Fleming solutions. This was attributed to the absence of dissolve oxygen (DO) and the covering of the surface of the specimens by CO2 gas in CO2 saturated solution. On the other hand, the presence of DO which is a precursor for cathodic reduction and for the formation of calcareous deposits, initiated an early rapid corrosion attack culminating to higher corrosion rates within the 24 hours of this work. The chemical composition and microstructures of the steels contributed significantly to the witnessed corrosion behaviour. The API XL X65 carbon steel showed almost a comparable corrosion resistance with Steel A but differ significantly with Steel B and Steel C in both aerated and CO2 saturated Lyman and Fleming solutions.

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“…5,6 Typical corrosion scales, formed in such an environment, consist of iron carbonate (siderite, FeCO 3 ) and undissolved cementite (Fe 3 C).…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fe ion concentration on fatigue life of carbon steel in aqueous CO₂environment

Rogowska

Gudme

Rubin

et al. 2016

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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In this work, the corrosion fatigue behaviour of steel armours used in the flexible pipes, in aqueous solutions initially containing different concentrations of Fe 2þ , was investigated by four-point bending testing under saturated 1 bar CO 2 condition. Corrosion fatigue results were supported with ex situ measurements of Fe 2þ and pH. Characterisation of the corrosion scales and crack formations was performed using microscopic and diffraction techniques. Fatigue results showed two times better fatigue life, at the stress ranges of 250 MPa, for samples tested in solutions containing the concentration of Fe 2þ marginally above the solubility limit of FeCO 3 compared to the samples tested in highly supersaturated solution of Fe 2þ. Results revealed that the impact of the alternating stresses on the corrosion behaviour of samples reduces with lowering the applied stresses. At the stress range of 100 MPa, fatigue samples experienced the same corrosion rate as samples that were not subjected to dynamic loading.Keywords: Carbon steel, Carbon dioxide, Corrosion fatigue, Supersaturation, Iron carbonate IntroductionFlexible pipes, which are used in the oil and gas industry, are an attractive alternative to rigid pipes due to their shorter installation times and longer durability. The typical structure of flexible pipes is composed of polymeric and steel layers, which are not bonded together, to ensure the flexibility of the pipe. 1 The fatigue life of a flexible pipe is determined by the fatigue life of the steel armours, which is placed in the annular space between the inner liner and outer sheath. It was reported 2 that the fatigue life of tensile armour depends on the applied stresses, which are generated due to waves and water current, and the corrosive operating environment. The annulus region might be water filled either due to diffusion and condensation of water from the bore or as a result of a breakage of the outer sheath allowing the entry of sea water. In addition, the severity of the corrosion environment may be increased due to diffusion of small molecules such as methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) from the pipe bore through the inner liner into the annulus.1-3 However, due to a low ratio of free water volume (V) to steel surface area (S), typically v0.1 mL cm 22 , 3 a rapid, high supersaturation of Fe 2þ in the liquid is possible. As a consequence, low corrosion rates, usually v10 mm year 21 , are achieved. 3,4The corrosion behaviour of steel in aqueous CO 2 solution is influenced by the formation of protective films, which might decrease their corrosion rate. 5,6 Typical corrosion scales, formed in such an environment, consist of iron carbonate (siderite, FeCO 3 ) and undissolved cementite (Fe 3 C).7,8 A large number of environmental variables, such as pH, 9-11 temperature, 9,12,13 partial pressure 11 and flowrate, 14-17 influence the corrosion behaviour of steel. Further, material characteristics such as microstructure, chemical composition and heat treatment condition [...

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Electrochemical Investigation of the Corrosion Behavior of API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel in Carbon Dioxide Medium

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

CO2 corrosion resistance of carbon steel in relation with microstructure changes

CO2 corrosion resistance of carbon steel in relation with microstructure changes

Corrosion Performance of High Strength-Low Alloy Steels in Aerated and CO2 Saturated Lyman and Fleming Solutions

Effect of Fe ion concentration on fatigue life of carbon steel in aqueous CO₂environment

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Electrochemical Investigation of the Corrosion Behavior of API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel in Carbon Dioxide Medium

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

CO2 corrosion resistance of carbon steel in relation with microstructure changes

CO2 corrosion resistance of carbon steel in relation with microstructure changes

Corrosion Performance of High Strength-Low Alloy Steels in Aerated and CO2 Saturated Lyman and Fleming Solutions

Effect of Fe ion concentration on fatigue life of carbon steel in aqueous CO2environment

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Effect of Fe ion concentration on fatigue life of carbon steel in aqueous CO₂environment