Electrochemical investigations of corticosteroid isomers—testosterone and epitestosterone and their simultaneous determination in human urine

Voltammetric Behavior of Testosterone on Bismuth Film Electrode: Highly Sensitive Determination in Pharmaceuticals and Human Urine by Square‐Wave Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

“…ÞÞ of protons and electrons. It demonstrates that the electrode process for testosterone is two-proton coupled twoelectron transfer, which confirms the previously reported results obtained at SWNT-EPPGE [26] and GCE [27]. However, in contrast to our findings, the work of Hu et al [24] on study of the reduction of testosterone indicated that the reduction peak obtained on HMDE is oneelectron and one-proton electrochemical reaction process.…”

“…As can be observed from Figure 5, while the peak potential remained almost constant at À1.25 V, the current increased proportionally to the testosterone concentration (inset in Figure 5 ). Despite the differences in the composition of the electrodes and the experimental conditions, the analytical performance of the method here proposed for the determination of testosterone, can be compared with the ones reported in the literature using mercury-based and modified electrodes [23][24][25][26] -see Introduction. With the exception of one case [26], AdSV was used as the electroanalytical technique.…”

“…Despite the differences in the composition of the electrodes and the experimental conditions, the analytical performance of the method here proposed for the determination of testosterone, can be compared with the ones reported in the literature using mercury-based and modified electrodes [23][24][25][26] -see Introduction. With the exception of one case [26], AdSV was used as the electroanalytical technique. BiFE presents slightly less sensitive electrochemical response in terms of LOD (~1.5 times lower) compared with the SMDE [23].…”

“…, respectively [26]. In a very recent work of our research group, the effectiveness of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in the connection with SWAdSV was demonstrated in BrittonÀRobinson buffer, pH 5.0 containing cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) for trace determination of testosterone in oil-based pharmaceutical preparations (injections) and urine samples (LOD = 1.2 nmol L À1 ) [27].…”

Electrochemical detection in vitro and electron transfer mechanism of testosterone using a modified electrode with a cobalt oxide film

“…Electrochemical techniques using modified electrodes have proved to be a sensitive and versatile method for the determination of analytes undergoing biologically important reactions of oxidation and/or reduction, including isolated drugs and related molecules in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Due to their extreme simplicity, low cost, relatively short analysis time, high sensitivity and specificity compared to other techniques, electroanalytical techniques have arisen as a stand out in the field of steroid analysis [7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, some difficulties have arisen in modifying electrodes in order to analyze steroid hormones because they are small, rigid, hydrophobic molecules, and possess few functional groups for specific interaction with antibodies.…”