Electrochemical leaching of nickel from low-grade laterites

Lee, Hwa Young; Kim, Sung Gyu; Oh, Jong Kee

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2004.11.011

Cited by 44 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…2-) generated from SO 2 at a cathode is also a reductant in the electrochemical leaching of saprolitic/limonitic nickel laterite ores (Lee et al, 2005).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6a. Lee et al (2005) HCl (4.68 h -1 ) reported in Table 10. This is a result of the chelating/reducing ability of HC 2 O 4 -ion at a pH range of 2.5-3.0 (Lee et al, 2007).…”

Section: Role Of Hso 3 -And Hso 4 -On Fe Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recovery of a mixed sulphide or hydroxide precipitate (MSP or MHP) of Ni(II) and Co(II) from leach liquors of a widened ore type and grade, which can be sold to existing refineries, is the preferred option when metal production on the minesite is not intended (Curlook, 2004;White et al, 2006;Steyl et al, 2008;Kose and Topkaya, 2011). The purpose of new research is to develop processing routes/plants of lower maintenance which require less energy and reagent inputs, and that are more cost effective to construct and operate under environmentally safe conditions (Whittington and Muir, 2000;Moskalyc and Alfantazi, 2002;Harris and Magee 2003, Curlook 2004Lee et al, 2005;Le et al, 2006;Tang and Valix, 2006;Xavier and Ciminelli, 2008;Steyl et al, 2008;McDonald and Whittington, 2008a,b;Li et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2009;Luo et al, 2009Luo et al, , 2010Simate et al, 2010;Norgate and Jahanshahi, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reductive acid leaching of laterite and metal oxides — A review with new data for Fe(Ni,Co)OOH and a limonitic ore

et al. 2011

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The reductive leaching of nickel laterite has attracted the interest of many researchers due to the enhanced kinetics of nickel and cobalt dissolution in the presence of acids and reducing agents during atmospheric, pressure, heap or bio leaching processes. Systematic studies on synthetic oxides and natural ores can shed light on the reaction mechanism and lead to investigations of beneficial reagents for further studies. This paper briefly reviews the literature and describes a comparative study of metal leaching from synthetic goethite spiked with nickel or cobalt and a limonitic laterite ore to rationalise the role of reducing agents in acid media. Results are discussed on the basis of the effect of speciation, surface chemical reactivity of oxides and heterogeneous kinetic models.Key words: Laterite, synthetic oxides, reductive leaching, kinetics, adsorption. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

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“…2-) generated from SO 2 at a cathode is also a reductant in the electrochemical leaching of saprolitic/limonitic nickel laterite ores (Lee et al, 2005).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6a. Lee et al (2005) HCl (4.68 h -1 ) reported in Table 10. This is a result of the chelating/reducing ability of HC 2 O 4 -ion at a pH range of 2.5-3.0 (Lee et al, 2007).…”

Section: Role Of Hso 3 -And Hso 4 -On Fe Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reductive acid leaching of laterite and metal oxides — A review with new data for Fe(Ni,Co)OOH and a limonitic ore

et al. 2011

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“…Bijih nikel laterit yang mempunyai cadangan lebih banyak, perlu dimanfaatkan secara maksimal, karena cadangan bijih nikel sulfida yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku terus menurun secara signifikan [4]. Penurunan cadangan nikel kadar tinggi menyebabkan penggunaan bijih nikel kadar rendah, khususnya yang mengandung Ni kurang dari 2% mulai diperhatikan [5] karena berpotensi menjadi bahan baku produksi nikel di masa depan.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Proses Reduksi Selektif Bijih Nikel Limonit Menggunakan Zat Aditif CaSO4 [Selective Reduction Process of Nickel Limonite With Adictive CaSO4]

Mayangsari¹,

Prasetyo²

2016

metal.

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IntisariPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum pada proses reduksi selektif bijih nikel limonit menggunakan zat aditif CaSO 4 dan diikuti dengan pemisahan magnetik untuk mendapatkan peningkatan kadar nikel. Proses reduksi selektif dilakukan pada rentang suhu 800 -1100 °C, waktu reduksi 1 -4 jam, serta penambahan reduktor dan aditif 5% -20%. Preparasi bijih nikel limonit dilakukan dengan pemanasan bijih dalam oven, pengecilan ukuran dan pengayakan untuk mendapatkan bijih dengan ukuran lolos 100 mesh. Kemudian dilakukan pencampuran bijih nikel limonit dengan reduktor dan aditif. Campuran bijih nikel limonit kemudian direduksi dalam muffle furnace carbolite pada suhu dan waktu tertentu. Hasil reduksi kemudian ditimbang dan dikonsentrasikan menggunakan proses pemisahan magnetik dan hasilnya dianalisis dengan metode AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry) untuk mengetahui kadar Ni pada konsentrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi suhu reduksi, peningkatan kadar Ni dan metalisasi logam Ni semakin tinggi, dengan terbentuknya logam Ni yang terpisah dari logam Fe. Hal yang sama juga terjadi jika waktu reduksi semakin lama. Namun, semakin banyak penambahan reduktor pada campuran reduksi, peningkatan kadar Ni semakin kecil. Penambahan CaSO 4 dapat meningkatkan kadar nikel namun belum memberikan kecenderungan hasil yang baik. Peningkatan kadar Ni tertinggi yang didapatkan adalah 2,44%. Direkomendasikan untuk menggunakan suhu reduksi 1100 °C, waktu reduksi 1 jam, penambahan reduktor 10% dan penambahan aditif CaSO 4 20%.

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“…Thus, reductive leaching under atmospheric conditions in the presence of SO 2 has been adapted to achieve more than 90% nickel and cobalt extraction from limonitic and saprolitic ores (Das et al, 1997;Kittelty, 2008;Lee et al, 2005;Senanayake and Das, 2004;Senanayake et al, 2011). The reductive leaching may prove to be a potential process option for future treatment of various lateritic ore bodies.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductive atmospheric acid leaching of lateritic smectite/nontronite ores in H2SO4/Cu(II)/SO2 solutions

et al. 2015

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Despite the success of reductive atmospheric acid leaching (RAAL) of limonitic nickel laterite ores in recent studies limited attempt has been made to apply this method to smectite/nontronite ores of different mineralogy. A comparative study of four smectite/nontronite ores in this study showed that the use of 700 kg H 2 SO 4 /ton dry ore leaches only 74-86% Ni, 37-76% Co, 47-58% Fe and 24-66% Mn at 90 o C from slurries of 20-35% (w/w) pulp density even after 10 h, depending upon the mineralogy. These values increased to 90-97% Ni, 94-97% Co, 92-98% Mn and 72-85% Fe in the presence of Cu(II)/SO 2 . The first order dependence of initial fraction of iron, aluminium and nickel leached from a typical smectite ore in the first 0.5 h on the initial acid concentration provide evidence for the involvement of hydrogen ions in the surface reaction. Low activation energy of 10 kJ/mol based on the fraction of nickel leached in the first 0.5 h indicates a diffusion controlled reaction. This is supported by the applicability of a shrinking core kinetic model for metal dissolution over the first 2 h, with different apparent rate constants (k ap ) depending upon the iron oxide content, mineralogy and porosity. A log-log plot of k ap for ores with high iron content as a function of acid concentration agrees reasonably well with the correlation already established for the leaching of nickel from limonitic laterite and manganese nodules. Thus, initial fast leaching can be related to the higher porosity and a rate controlling step which involves the diffusion of H + through a thickening solid layer. The slow leaching at latter stages is a result of low remnant acid, thickening solid layer and changes in mineral composition.

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Electrochemical leaching of nickel from low-grade laterites

Cited by 44 publications

References 8 publications

Reductive acid leaching of laterite and metal oxides — A review with new data for Fe(Ni,Co)OOH and a limonitic ore

Reductive acid leaching of laterite and metal oxides — A review with new data for Fe(Ni,Co)OOH and a limonitic ore

Proses Reduksi Selektif Bijih Nikel Limonit Menggunakan Zat Aditif CaSO4 [Selective Reduction Process of Nickel Limonite With Adictive CaSO4]

Reductive atmospheric acid leaching of lateritic smectite/nontronite ores in H2SO4/Cu(II)/SO2 solutions

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