“…The group of electrochemical micromachining processes includes cathodic (i.e., electrodeposition, electroplating, electroforming, through-mask electroplating), anodic (i.e., electrochemical micromachining, electroetching, and electropolishing) or open circuit processes (chemical polishing, chemical milling, and chemical etching) [ 28 ]. Majority of these methods were developed to shape planar structures and only electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) is suitable for manufacturing 3D complex shapes.…”