Electrochemical Nano-biosensors as Novel Approach for the Detection of Lung Cancer-related MicroRNAs

Abstract

In both men and women around the world, lung cancer accounts as the principal cause of cancer-related death after breast cancer. Therefore, early detection of the disease is a cardinal step in improving prognosis and survival of patients. Today, the newly-defined microRNAs regulate about 30 to 60 percent of the gene expression. Changes in microRNA Profiles are linked to numerous health conditions, making them sophisticated biomarkers for timely, if not early, detection of cancer. Though evaluation of microRNAs in real samples has proved to be rather challenging, which is largely attributable to the unique characteristics of these molecules. Short length, sequence similarity, and low concentration stand among the factors that define microRNAs. Recently, diagnostic technologies with a focus on wide-scale point of care have recently garnered attention as great candidates for early diagnosis of cancer. Electrochemical nano-biosensors have recently garnered much attention as a molecular method, showing great potential in terms of sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and last but not least, adaptability to point-of-care testing. Application of nanoscale materials in electrochemical devices as promising as it is, brings multiplexing potential for conducting simultaneous evaluations on multiple cancer biomarkers. Thanks to their enthralling properties, these materials can be used to improve the efficiency of cancer diagnostics, offer more accurate predictions of prognosis, and monitor response to therapy in a more efficacious way. This article presents a concise overview of recent advances in the expeditiously evolving area of electrochemical biosensors for microRNA detection in lung cancer.

Let-7d and miR-185 Impede Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Downregulating Rab25 in Breast Cancer

“…miRNAs play vital roles in regulating the expression of cancer-related genes expression and are implicated in cancer development and progression (Kafshdooz et al, 2018;Tiwari et al, 2018;Norouzi et al, 2019;Sheervalilou et al, 2020). Previous studies have indicated revealed that the let-7d level is strongly down-regulated downregulated in various cancer cells.…”

An Updated Review on Implications of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Tumorigenesis: Possible Alterations in Autophagy through Engineered Nanomaterials and Their Importance in Cancer Therapy

“…Nanotechnology has multiple applications with a scientific impact; however, the underlying pathways in interaction of NMs with biological systems at a molecular level still remain to be elucidated. These controversies raise concerns for utilizing nanoscale particles in targeted cancer therapies (Warheit 2010;Setyawati et al 2013b;Sheervalilou et al 2020;Changizi et al 2020;Sheervalilou et al 2021b;Shakeri-Zadeh et al 2020;Sheervalilou et al 2021a;Shirvalilou et al 2021;Kafshdooz et al 2019).…”

miR-140 and miR-196a as Potential Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Patients

“…(n = 110). BC, Breast cancer in different cancer biological processes, miRNA studies have become imperative for the detection of miRNA profiles-based prognosis, diagnosis, and theranostics biomarkers (Sheervalilou et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2018). Altered expression of miRNAs provides crucial information about molecular signatures of disease status without the performance of biopsy (Lu et al, 2005;Ayub et al, 2015).…”

“…microRNAs (miRNAs/ miRs) are short (about 18-23 nucleotides), conserved, noncoding regulatory RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression based on targeting of the mRNA 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) (Mohammadian et al, 2016b;Norouzi et al, 2019). Computational approaches report that miRNA-mediated the activity of about 30% of all human genomes, in which each miRNA on average potentially RESEARCH ARTICLE miR-140 and miR-196a as Potential Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Patients interact with >100 of mRNA targets (Mohammadian et al, 2016a;Sheervalilou et al, 2020). The biological function of miRNAs as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes related to their target mRNA (Bertoli et al, 2015;Shahabi et al, 2019).…”