Electrochemical Nanoprobes for Single-Cell Analysis

Actis, Paolo; Tokar, Sergiy; Clausmeyer, Jan; Babakinejad, Babak; Mikhaleva, Sofya; Cornut, Renaud; Takahashi, Yasufumi; Córdoba, Ainara López; Novák, Pavel; Shevchuck, Andrew; Dougan, Jennifer A.; Kazarian, Sergei G.; Gorelkin, Petr; Erofeev, Alexander; Яминский, И.В.; Unwin, Patrick R.; Schuhmann, Wolfgang; Klenerman, David; Rusakov, Dmitri A.; Sviderskaya, Elena V.; Korchev, Yuri E.

doi:10.1021/nn405612q

Cited by 219 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Moreover, these probes could easily be modified to integrate with other electrochemical techniques such as scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) 29 where multiple electrodes and detection of multiple species could be highly valuable. In this context, as well as for meniscus based imaging, it should be mentioned that the carbon electrodes can be sensitized to expand the range of species that can be detected amperometrically 47 and potentiometrically. 31 Beyond electrochemistry, micropipettes and nanopipettes find increasing use in analytical science from fluidic systems to electrospray techniques, and the ability to incorporate multiple sensor electrodes into such devices could be beneficial in future applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quad-Barrel Multifunctional Electrochemical and Ion Conductance Probe for Voltammetric Analysis and Imaging

et al. 2015

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(2015) QuadBarrel multifunctional electrochemical and ion conductance probe for voltammetric analysis and imaging. Analytical Chemistry, Volume 87 (Number 7). pp. 3566-3573. Permanent WRAP url: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/67813 Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work of researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-forprofit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Publisher's statement:This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Analytical Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work, see http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/articlesonrequest/index.html] The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. ABSTRACTThe fabrication and use of a multifunctional electrochemical probe incorporating two independent carbon working electrodes and two electrolyte-filled barrels, equipped with quasi-reference counter electrodes (QRCEs), in the end of a tapered micron-scale pipet is described. This 'quad-probe' (4-channel probe) was fabricated by depositing carbon pyrolytically into two diagonally opposite barrels of a laser-pulled quartz quadruple-barrelled pipet. After filling the open channels with electrolyte solution, a meniscus forms at the end of the probe and covers the two working electrodes. The two carbon electrodes can be used to drive local electrochemical reactions within the meniscus while a bias between the QRCEs in the electrolyte channels provides an ion conductance signal that is used to control and position the meniscus on a surface of interest. When brought into contact with a surface, localized high resolution amperometric imaging can be achieved with the two carbon working electrodes with a spatial resolution defined by the meniscus contact area. The substrate can be an insulating material or (semi)conductor, but herein we focus mainly on conducting substrates that can be connected as a third working electrode. Studies using both aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes in the probe, together with gold and individual single walled carbon nanotube samples, demonstrate...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quad-Barrel Multifunctional Electrochemical and Ion Conductance Probe for Voltammetric Analysis and Imaging

et al. 2015

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“…Due to their high-aspect ratio geometry and exceptionally sharp tips, nanopipettes offer an important advantage over conventional nanopores as they can be easily adapted for use in single cell interrogation 15,16 and as a macroscopic delivery vehicle for intracellular injection. [17][18][19][20][21][22] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Demand Delivery of Single DNA Molecules Using Nanopipets

et al. 2015

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Understanding the behavioral properties of single molecules or larger scale populations interacting with single molecules is currently a hotly pursued topic in nanotechnology. This arises from the potential such techniques have in relation to applications such as targeted drug delivery, early stage detection of disease, and drug screening. Although label and label-free single molecule detection strategies have existed for a number of years, currently lacking are efficient methods for the controllable delivery of single molecules in aqueous environments. In this article we show both experimentally and from simulations that nanopipets in conjunction with asymmetric voltage pulses can be used for label-free detection and delivery of single molecules through the tip of a nanopipet with "on-demand" timing resolution. This was demonstrated by controllable delivery of 5 kbp and 10 kbp DNA molecules from solutions with concentrations as low as 3 pM.

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“…Researchers must investigate the reactivity of a protein with its physiological partners to understand its role in cellular pathways; concentration measurements alone could be misleading, because the local environment of a protein can drastically alter its activity. Emerging capillary micro-/nanofabrication technologies allow the chemical reactivity of the target species to be investigated (3,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Allbritton and coworkers (11,12) embarked on the development of this technology and used capillary electrophoresis to analyze intracellular kinase activity.…”

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Nanokit for single-cell electrochemical analyses

Pan

Jiang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

115

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The development of more intricate devices for the analysis of small molecules and protein activity in single cells would advance our knowledge of cellular heterogeneity and signaling cascades. Therefore, in this study, a nanokit was produced by filling a nanometersized capillary with a ring electrode at the tip with components from traditional kits, which could be egressed outside the capillary by electrochemical pumping. At the tip, femtoliter amounts of the kit components were reacted with the analyte to generate hydrogen peroxide for the electrochemical measurement by the ring electrode. Taking advantage of the nanotip and small volume injection, the nanokit was easily inserted into a single cell to determine the intracellular glucose levels and sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity, which had rarely been achieved. High cellular heterogeneities of these two molecules were observed, showing the significance of the nanokit. Compared with the current methods that use a complicated structural design or surface functionalization for the recognition of the analytes, the nanokit has adapted features of the well-established kits and integrated the kit components and detector in one nanometer-sized capillary, which provides a specific device to characterize the reactivity and concentrations of cellular compounds in single cells.

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Electrochemical Nanoprobes for Single-Cell Analysis

Cited by 219 publications

References 59 publications

Quad-Barrel Multifunctional Electrochemical and Ion Conductance Probe for Voltammetric Analysis and Imaging

Quad-Barrel Multifunctional Electrochemical and Ion Conductance Probe for Voltammetric Analysis and Imaging

On-Demand Delivery of Single DNA Molecules Using Nanopipets

Nanokit for single-cell electrochemical analyses

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