Electrochemical Oxidation and Determination of Antiviral Drug Acyclovir by Modified Carbon Paste Electrode With Magnetic CdO Nanoparticles

Abstract

With the development of nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors, the use of nanostructures to modify the electrode surface has been shown to improve the kinetics of the electron transfer process. In this study, a sensor was developed for the electrochemical determination of Acyclovir (ACV) based on the modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) by CdO/Fe 3 O 4 . The magnetic CdO nanoparticles characterization was studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To study of the modified CPE surface morphology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. At the optimal conditions, a noteworthy enhancement in the electrochemical behavior of ACV was observed at the surface of the modified CPE compared to the unmodified CPE. A detection limit of 300 nM and a linear range of 1–100 μM were obtained for the quantitative monitoring of ACV at the modified CPE surface using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in phosphate buffer. The RSD% (relative standard deviation) of the electrode response was <4.3% indicating the development of a high precision method. Also, satisfactory results were obtained in the determination of ACV with the modified electrode in tablet, blood serum, and urine samples with a satisfactory relative recovery (RR%) in the range of 94.0–104.4%.

Improved Performance for the Electrochemical Sensing of Acyclovir by Using the rGO–TiO2–Au Nanocomposite-Modified Electrode

“…The detection limit is 0.3 μM based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The rGO–TiO 2 –Au/GCE showed a comparable or better dynamic range and detection limit for ACV compared to other electrochemical sensors, such as Cu nanoparticle-modified carbon paste electrode (2.64 μM) ( Heli et al, 2010 ), pencil graphite electrode (0.3 μM) ( Dilgin and Karakaya, 2016 ), nanoporous nickel microsphere-modified carbon paste electrode (40 μM) ( Heli et al, 2012 ), fluorine-doped SnO 2 electrode (1.25 μM) ( Martínez-Rojas et al, 2017 ), and CdO/Fe 3 O 4 -modified carbon paste electrode (0.3 μM) ( Naghian et al, 2020 ).…”

A novel electrochemical aptasensor based on polyaniline and gold nanoparticles for ultrasensitive and selective detection of ascorbic acid

“…4A–F). According to the Randles–Sevcik equation, 62,63 the peak current could be expressed as follows: I p = 2.69 × 10 5 AD 1/2 n 3/2 v 1/2 C where I p represents the reduction peak current (μA), A is the electrochemical active surface area (cm 2 ) of the electrode, C denotes the concentration of [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3–/4– (5.0 mM), ν is the scan rate (V s −1 ), n represents the electron transfer number ( n = 1), and D is the diffusion coefficient (7.6 × 10 −6 cm 2 s −1 ).…”

“…4A-F). According to the Randles-Sevcik equation, 62,63 the peak current could be expressed as follows:…”

Recent Trends and Application of Nanomaterial Based on Carbon Paste Electrodes: A Short Review

“…Acyclovir is commonly used as a herpes zoster infection medicine to reduce the symptoms and spread the infection of the herpes zoster virus [94][95] . Naghian et al 96) utilized CPEs modified with cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdONPs) and Fe3O4 for identifying acyclovir in tablets, blood serum, and urine samples. CdONPs are a metal oxide material with a high thermal stability, surface area, and isoelectric point, which results in greater electrochemical conductivity in electrochemical analysis.…”