Electrochemical oxidation of phenol in a parallel plate reactor using ruthenium mixed metal oxide electrode

Yavuz, Yusuf; Koparal, Ali Savaş

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.018

Cited by 189 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…22, No. 5,2011 were used. The anode area was 107 cm 2 , the solution flow rate 0.23 mL s -1 and the current density was fixed at 10 mA cm 2 .…”

Section: M(ohmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the lower NaCl concentration, the low chlorophenols formation rate did not favor the buildup of adsorbed products, which block the anode surface. 6,[30][31][32] Several researchers 5,12,24,25,[33][34][35][36] observed that the decrease of the electrode efficiency due to organic matter adsorption depends on the electrolysis conditions, such as phenol concentration, supporting electrolyte type, electrode material, electrode potential and time. According to Zareie et al, 30 although high NaCl concentrations favor the formation of adsorbed intermediate products on the anode surface, the hypochlorite and chlorine ions act on the destruction of this blocking layer under longer times.…”

Section: Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] They are refractory to conventional treatment process and, in the presence of chlorine, they may produce chlorophenols, which are carcinogenic and even more refractory to degradation than the phenols themselves. [4][5][6] There are several available processes to treat effluents containing phenols, such as biological treatment, advanced oxidation processes, oxidation in supercritical water and electrochemical oxidation. [6][7][8] Furthermore, some of those processes, for instance photocatalytic oxidation process, presents high operational costs and operational issues due to catalyst deactivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This anode low overpotential for oxygen and chlorine evolution, good conductivity, thermal stability in a wide temperature range and is fairly resistant to corrosion. 5,26 Experimental Voltammetric tests were carried out with an EG&G PAR model 273A potentiostat/galvanostat connected to a microcomputer with the M270 software. The cell was a 250 mL glass beaker with an acrylic cover.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrooxidation of Phenol on a Ti/RuO2 anode: effect of some electrolysis parameters

Santos¹,

Afonso²,

Dutra³

2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Foram investigadas as influências do tempo de eletrólise, da área anódica, da densidade de corrente e do tipo de eletrólito na degradação de fenol e de seus subprodutos de oxidação em anodo de Ti/RuO 2 . Foi observado que na presença de cloreto ocorreu rápida degradação de fenol e de seus subprodutos. Resultados de cromatografia gasosa/espectroscopia de massa (GC/MS) mostraram que a presença de cloreto levou à formação inicial de clorofenóis através do Cl 2 e/ou OCl¯ gerados durante a eletrólise. Entretanto, eles posteriormente atuaram na degradação dos clorofenóis. As concentrações limites estabelecidas pelo Órgão Ambiental Brasileiro (CONAMA) para descartes de fenol e clorofenóis foram obtidas após 360 min de eletrólise a uma densidade de corrente fixa de 10 mA cm -2 . Voltamogramas cíclicos obtidos antes e após 436 h de eletrólise em condições severas de salinidade (2 mol L -1 ) e densidade de corrente (800 mA cm -2 ) mostraram que o eletrodo de Ti/RuO 2 não perdeu suas propriedades eletrocatalíticas.The influences of electrolysis time, anodic area, current density and supporting electrolyte on phenol and its byproducts degradation on a Ti/RuO 2 anode were investigated. It was observed that phenol and its byproducts were rapidly broken down in the presence of chloride ions. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) data have shown that the presence of chloride ions lead to chlorophenols formation, due to reactions with Cl 2 and/or OCl¯ generated during electrolysis. However, these intermediate products were also degraded later by the oxidizing agents. The standards established by the CONAMA (Brazilian National Council for the Environment) for phenols and chlorophenols in effluents were achieved after 360 min of electrolysis with a current density of 10 mA cm -2 . Cyclic voltammograms obtained with the anodes before and after 436 h of electrolysis under severe salinity conditions (2 mol L -1 ) and current density (800 mA cm -2 ) showed that Ti/RuO 2 did not lose its electrocatalytic properties. This fact indicates that Ti/RuO 2 can be used for the treatment of effluents containing phenols in a chloride environment. Keywords: electrooxidation, phenols, chlorophenols, supporting electrolyte IntroductionPhenols are persistent organic compounds found in aqueous effluents from domestic activities such as cooking, washing and bathing, as well as petroleum refineries, steel plants, dyeing manufacturing, pharmaceutical and plastic industries. [1][2][3][4] They are refractory to conventional treatment process and, in the presence of chlorine, they may produce chlorophenols, which are carcinogenic and even more refractory to degradation than the phenols themselves. [4][5][6] There are several available processes to treat effluents containing phenols, such as biological treatment, advanced oxidation processes, oxidation in supercritical water and electrochemical oxidation. 6-8 Furthermore, some of those processes, for instance photocatalytic oxidation process, presents high operational costs and operational issues due...

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“…22, No. 5,2011 were used. The anode area was 107 cm 2 , the solution flow rate 0.23 mL s -1 and the current density was fixed at 10 mA cm 2 .…”

Section: M(ohmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrooxidation of Phenol on a Ti/RuO2 anode: effect of some electrolysis parameters

Santos¹,

Afonso²,

Dutra³

2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Alguns processos físico-químicos podem ser utilizados para a remoção de compostos fenólicos presentes em águas residuárias, como: adsorção, sistemas eletroquímicos e processos oxidativos avançados, entre outros (POLAT et al, 2006;YAVUZ;KOPARAL, 2006;SILVA et al, 2007;CHEDEVILLE;DEBACQ;PORTE, 2009 O fungo a ser identificado foi inoculado nos quatro lados deste cubo, adicionando-se 1 mL água estéril, com o propósito de evitar a dessecação do meio durante o crescimento do fungo, e recobrindo com lamínula esterilizada. A placa foi tampada e deixada à ± 29°C por sete dias.…”

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Remoção de macronutrientes de efluente da indústria de castanha de caju por uso de reator aeróbio em batelada com inóculo fúngico

Lopes

Oliveira²,

Andrade³

et al. 2011

Eng. Sanit. Ambient.

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Foi estudada a eficiência da remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo do efluente de indústria de castanha de caju, por uso de reator aeróbio em batelada com inóculo de Aspergillus niger AN400. O reator recebeu 5 L de água residuária, acrescida de glicose, na concentração de 1 g.L-1 (Etapa I) e de 5 g.L-1 (Etapa II ). Cada etapa teve seis ciclos operacionais, cada um com tempo de reação total de sete dias. Os valores de pH dos efluentes na Etapa I variaram de 6,4 a 8,7 e na Etapa II , de 3,1 a 7,0. Durante a Etapa II , o reator alcançou bons resultados para remoção de nutrientes sem acúmulo de sua concentração no meio: 49% de fósforo total, 60% de ortofosfato, 79% de amônia, 78% de nitrato e 90% de nitrito, indicando que a menor liberação de nutrientes pelos micro-organismos ocorreu na presença de concentração elevada de glicose.

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Phenol Removal through Chemical Oxidation using Fenton Reagent

2007

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In this study, phenol, aromatic, and non-biodegradable organic matter were investigated and found to be removed from the model solution through chemical oxidation using Fenton reagent. The effects of the initial phenol concentration, hydrogen peroxide, and ferrous sulfate concentrations on the removal efficiency were investigated. Performance of the chemical oxidation process was monitored with phenol and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) analyses. In the experimental studies, phenol removal of over 98 % and COD removal of nearly 70 % were achieved. The optimum conditions for Fenton reaction both for initial phenol concentrations of 200 and 500 mg/L were found at a ratio [Fe 2+ ]/[H 2 O 2 ] (mol/mol) equal to 0.11. According to the results, chemical oxidation using Fenton reagent was found to be too effective, especially for phenol removal. However, this method has limited removal efficiency for COD.

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Electrochemical oxidation of phenol in a parallel plate reactor using ruthenium mixed metal oxide electrode

Cited by 189 publications

References 22 publications

Electrooxidation of Phenol on a Ti/RuO2 anode: effect of some electrolysis parameters

Electrooxidation of Phenol on a Ti/RuO2 anode: effect of some electrolysis parameters

Remoção de macronutrientes de efluente da indústria de castanha de caju por uso de reator aeróbio em batelada com inóculo fúngico

Phenol Removal through Chemical Oxidation using Fenton Reagent

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