Electrochemical Performance Analysis of Lead Dioxide Prepared from Intermediate Oxides

Rahmani, L.; Fitas, R.; Zegadi, A.; Zerroual, L.

doi:10.1007/s13369-019-03950-3

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“…These phases play a crucial role in preserving connectivity to the grid and conversion of PbO x , and αPbO 2 to βPbO 2 conversion is one of the main drivers of failure due to PAM shedding. In the active layer, differences in the initial utilization of positive active electrodes using chemically prepared or battery oxide is thought to be due to the nonstoichiometric PbO x and PbO 2– x phases. ,− The stoichiometry of the oxygen-deficient βPbO 2 rutile structure has been found to have up to 17% oxygen vacancies . A recent review suggested that chemically prepared oxygen-deficient active material converts to lead-deficient phases (Pb 0.99–0.92 O 2 ), improving utilization of the positive active electrode (Table ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Characterization of Metastable Pb₃O₅ and Pb₂O₃ Phases During Thermal Decomposition of PbO₂ to PbO

Kinnibrugh,

Bazak,

Karakoti

et al. 2024

Inorg. Chem.

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Nonstoichiometric lead oxides play a key role in the formation and cycling of the positive electrodes in a lead acid battery. These phases have been linked to the underutilization of the positive active material but also play a key role in the battery's cycle life, providing interparticle adhesion and the connection to the underlying lead grid. Similar phases have previously been identified by mass loss or color change during thermal annealing of PbO 2 to PbO, suggesting that at least two intermediate PbO x phases exist. Using multiple, in situ analysis techniques (powder diffraction, X-ray absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and ex situ nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, the structural conversion and changes in the lead oxidation state were identified during this process. Isolation of the PbO x phases enabled confirmation of Pb 3 O 5 and Pb 2 O 3 by diffraction and the first 207 Pb NMR measurement of these intermediates. The thermodynamic and kinetic stability of these intermediates and other reported polymorphs were determined by density functional theory, providing key insight into their origins and variation of PbO x structures found in previous studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Characterization of Metastable Pb₃O₅ and Pb₂O₃ Phases During Thermal Decomposition of PbO₂ to PbO

Kinnibrugh,

Bazak,

Karakoti

et al. 2024

Inorg. Chem.

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Electrochemical Performance Analysis of Lead Dioxide Prepared from Intermediate Oxides

Cited by 1 publication

References 20 publications

In Situ Characterization of Metastable Pb₃O₅ and Pb₂O₃ Phases During Thermal Decomposition of PbO₂ to PbO

In Situ Characterization of Metastable Pb₃O₅ and Pb₂O₃ Phases During Thermal Decomposition of PbO₂ to PbO

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Electrochemical Performance Analysis of Lead Dioxide Prepared from Intermediate Oxides

Cited by 1 publication

References 20 publications

In Situ Characterization of Metastable Pb3O5 and Pb2O3 Phases During Thermal Decomposition of PbO2 to PbO

In Situ Characterization of Metastable Pb3O5 and Pb2O3 Phases During Thermal Decomposition of PbO2 to PbO

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In Situ Characterization of Metastable Pb₃O₅ and Pb₂O₃ Phases During Thermal Decomposition of PbO₂ to PbO

In Situ Characterization of Metastable Pb₃O₅ and Pb₂O₃ Phases During Thermal Decomposition of PbO₂ to PbO