Electrochemical performance of lead acid battery using ammonium hydrogen sulphate with different alkyl groups

Abstract

In this work, the application of ionic liquids (ILs)-mono-, bicycyclohexyl, monohexyl and tetrahexyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate-as electrolyte additives on the electrochemical performance of lead acid batteries is proposed. The electrochemical behaviour of Pb-1.66% Sb-0.24% Sn alloy in sulphuric acid solution is investigated in the presence of the mentioned ILs with different numbers of alkyl or cycloalkyl chains. Particularly, the hydrogen and oxygen evolution potential and anodic layer characteristics were studied using cyclic and linear sweep voltammetric methods. The obtained results indicate that hydrogen evolution overpotential of Pb/Sb/Sn alloy in the presence of ILs increases. This overpotential mainly depends on the concentration of ILs and the number of alkyl and cycloalkyl chains on the cations. Also, the difference between the oxygen oxidation potential in anodic and cathodic scans (ΔE) decreases using different ILs.

Electrochemical properties of positive electrode in lead-acid battery modified by ammonium-based ionic liquids

“…They can be designed easily by changing the type of anion or cation. Recently, one of their most promising applications is the enhancement of electrochemical performance of power devices [20][21][22][23]. Due to their electrochemical stability, ILs are widely used as electrolytes, especially in lithium-ion batteries or supercapacitors [24][25][26].…”

Enhanced cycle life of starter lighting ignition (SLI) type lead–acid batteries with electrolyte modified by ionic liquid

“…12,13 There are also literature reports on the effects of surfactants and ionic liquids. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The electrolyte is one of the active materials of the lead-acid battery and comes into contact with all elements of the system. Modifying its composition can signicantly affect the utilization of the active materials in both the negative and positive electrodes, as well as reduce the internal resistance of the entire device.…”

“…28,29 In the case of lead-acid batteries, Rezaei et al found that different ammonium bisulphates affects the stability of the electrolyte and inhibits the phenomenon of electrochemical corrosion of current collectors. [16][17][18] Additionally, it has been shown that the observed effects depend on the concentration of the ionic liquid and the number of branches and length of alkyl substituents. 19 However, in some cases, the authors identied negative effects of ionic liquid additives, such as the formation of larger crystals of lead(II) sulphate and an increase in the rate of corrosion phenomenon.…”