Electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries with triphenylphosphate as a flame-retardant additive

Shim, Eun-Gi; Nam, Tae-Heum; Kim, Jung-Gu; Kim, Hyunsoo; Moon, Seong‐In

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.04.088

Cited by 90 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Organophosphorus compounds, such as phosphate, [1][2][3][4][5] phosphonate, 6,7 and phosphazene, 8,9 are widely known as excellent flame retardants. These organophosphorus compounds are used either as co-solvents or additives in the conventional alkyl-carbonate-based electrolyte solution used in lithium-ion batteries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Lewis Acids on Graphite-Electrode Properties in EC-Based Electrolyte Solutions with Organophosphorus Compounds

Tsubouchi

Suzuki

Nishimura

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Compatibility of self-extinguishing property and electrochemical stability of electrolyte solutions containing organophosphorus compounds as flame retardants has been required for practical application of electrolyte solutions to lithium-ion batteries. By adding a Lewis acid, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , or Na + , to ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolyte solutions containing 50 vol.% trimethylphosphate or dimethyl methylphosphonate, the electrolyte solutions are able to suppress the co-intercalation of the organophosphorus compounds with Li + into graphite. However, the coulombic efficiency in the first charge-discharge in a graphite/Li metal half-cell with an electrolyte solution depends on the species of the added Lewis acid and organophosphorus compound. The difference between the chemical-shift changes of the oxygen of the C=O bond in EC and the oxygen of the P=O bond in organophosphorus compounds in the oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 17 O NMR) spectra of the electrolyte solutions was investigated. The investigation revealed that the difference in the acidities of the Lewis acids, electron-donating abilities of the organophosphorus compounds, and solvated structures with a Lewis acid affect the electrochemical stability of self-extinguishing electrolyte solutions. Safety, specifically concerning flammability, is still an important concern with lithium-ion batteries, especially as they are now widely used in high-power and -energy applications such as electric-load leveling and electric-vehicle systems. Organophosphorus compounds, such as phosphate, 1-5 phosphonate, 6,7 and phosphazene, 8,9 are widely known as excellent flame retardants. These organophosphorus compounds are used either as co-solvents or additives in the conventional alkyl-carbonate-based electrolyte solution used in lithium-ion batteries. Trimethylphosphate (TMP) suppresses the flammability of electrolyte solutions because of its self-extinguishing property; that is, it can selectively scavenge the active hydrogen and oxygen radicals that contribute to the combustible chain reaction.1,10,11 However, TMP, which has a higher electron-donating ability than ethylene carbonate (EC), 12 tends to co-intercalate with Li + into the graphite negative electrode, resulting in continuous decomposition of the electrolyte solution and large, irreversible capacity loss during the initial chargedischarge of a lithium-ion battery. 1,[13][14][15][16]20 A solution to this co-intercalation problem was devised by Takeuchi et al. That is, the compatibility of TMP with graphite was improved by introducing a salt composed of stronger Lewis acids than Li + , such as Ca 2+ . 16 Moreover, the charge-discharge efficiency in the case of TMP in graphite was improved by adding calcium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide (Ca(TFSA) 2 ) to an electrolyte containing TMP. This suppression of co-intercalation is derived from the solvation structure of Li + being altered by the stronger Lewis acid, namely, Ca 2+ . Fluorinated alkyl phosphates, such as tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) pho...

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Lewis Acids on Graphite-Electrode Properties in EC-Based Electrolyte Solutions with Organophosphorus Compounds

Tsubouchi

Suzuki

Nishimura

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Some researchers have even proposed that flame retardants be added to cell internal components, increasing safety, sometimes at the cost of decreased capacity. 35 The objective of this study is to understand the effect of module configurational parameters such as cell spacing, cell interconnecting tab style, cell form factor, and protection materials on the propagation of thermal runaway. An experimental approach is used to determine the thermal propagation behavior of cells in different module configurations that were subjected to a thermal ramp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Analysis of Thermal Runaway and Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Modules

López

Jeevarajan

Mukherjee

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

289

132

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While the energy and power density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are steadily improving, thermal safety continues to remain a critical challenge. Under abuse conditions, exothermic reactions may lead to the release of heat that can trigger subsequent unsafe reactions. The situation worsens in a module configuration, as the released heat from an abused cell can activate a chain of reactions in the neighboring cells, causing catastrophic thermal runaway. This work focuses on experimental elucidation and analysis of different LIB module configurations to characterize the thermal behavior and determine safe practices. The abuse test consists of a heat-to-vent setting where a single cell in a module is triggered into thermal runaway via a heating element. The cell-to-cell thermal runaway propagation behavior has been characterized. Results have shown that increasing the inter-cell spacing in a module containing cylindrical cells significantly decreases the probability of thermal runaway propagation. Additionally, it was determined that appropriate tab configuration combined with cell form factors exhibit a major influence on thermal runaway propagation. Different thermal insulation materials have been analyzed to determine their ability to ameliorate and/or potentially mitigate propagation effects.

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“…The safety concerns associated with Li-ion batteries have led to efforts by various research groups to investigate the development of flame-retardant (FR) co-solvents. Organophosphate-containing compounds have been examined by several groups due to their flame-suppressing properties [13][14][15][16] including trimethyl phosphate (TMP) [2], hexamethyl phosphoramide (HMPA) [16], triphenyl phosphate (TPP) [14,15,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23], and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) [13,15,24]. Organophosphates can produce phosphorous-containing radicals that can trap combustion radicals including H • , OH • , and O • in the gas phase, reducing the flammability of the electrolytes [16,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organophosphates can produce phosphorous-containing radicals that can trap combustion radicals including H • , OH • , and O • in the gas phase, reducing the flammability of the electrolytes [16,25]. Significant reductions in the flammability of standard electrolyte have been attained through the use of triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) incorporation with comparable cycling performance to standard electrolyte [14,15,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame-retardant co-solvent incorporation into lithium-ion coin cells with Si-nanoparticle anodes

2015

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The cycling performance of Si-nanoparticle/Li cells with different electrolytes has been investigated. Cells containing standard binary LiPF 6 /ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate electrolytes have poor capacity retention (46 %) after 50 cycles. Cells cycled with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)-based electrolyte have much better capacity retention (74 %). The effect of incorporation of flame-retardant co-solvents triphenyl phosphate and dimethyl methylphosphonate was investigated with both the standard and FEC electrolytes. The incorporation of the FR co-solvents did not significantly alter the performance of either electrolyte. Ex situ analysis via scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was conducted to gain a better understanding of the role of electrolyte in solid electrolyte interphase structure and stability.

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Electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries with triphenylphosphate as a flame-retardant additive

Cited by 90 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of Lewis Acids on Graphite-Electrode Properties in EC-Based Electrolyte Solutions with Organophosphorus Compounds

Effect of Lewis Acids on Graphite-Electrode Properties in EC-Based Electrolyte Solutions with Organophosphorus Compounds

Experimental Analysis of Thermal Runaway and Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Modules

Flame-retardant co-solvent incorporation into lithium-ion coin cells with Si-nanoparticle anodes

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