Electrochemical performance of polypyrrole/silver vanadium oxide composite cathodes in lithium primary batteries

Electrochemical reduction of silver vanadium phosphorous oxide, Ag2VO2PO4: Silver metal deposition and associated increase in electrical conductivity

“…(2, 3, 4) Technical details concerning successful implementation of the lithium/SVO battery in ICDs have been described. (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) Further, the discharge process of SVO in a lithium battery has been investigated by several methods including titration, x-ray powder diffraction and solid state NMR.…”

“…Notably, the reduction of silver ion was observed to form silver metal nanoparticles and nanowires within the cathode and contribute to a significant increase in cell conductivity on discharge. (3, 14) Since the ICD application requires pulse power, minimizing cell resistance and impedance are critical to appropriate ICD battery function. Studies of the impedance characteristics of Li/SVO batteries and SVO conductivity measurements have been reported as a function of depth of discharge where the battery impedance and SVO cathode resistance decreased as discharge was initiated and increased after mid-life of the battery.…”

Li/Ag2VO2PO4 batteries: the roles of composite electrode constituents on electrochemistry

“…PTFE was selected instead of PVDF as the polymeric binder because it provides good adhesion to the Ag2VO2PO4 cathode material in a pressed pellet electrode form, permitting a low percentage of binder in the electrode. PTFE is commonly used as the binder in electrodes of silver vanadium oxide, the current state of the art cathode material for the ICD's, both in literature investigations 7,[43][44][45][46][47] and commercial application 42,48 of the material. Li/Ag2VO2PO4 cells were galvanostatically discharged at a C/500 rate to 0.08, 0.2, and 0.5 electron equivalents, corresponding to 5.4 mAh/g, 13.6 mAh/g and 34 mAh/g, respectively (Figure 1).…”

“…The voltage profile of each pulse consists of 3 main parts. 58,63 The initial voltage drop is due to the internal ohmic resistance of the cell and is proportional to the pulse current. The second drop occurs due to lithium intercalation in the electrode.…”

The general synthesis of Ag nanoparticles anchored on silver vanadium oxides: towards high performance cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

“…All the cathodic peaks are associated with the continuous reduction of Ag + to Ag 0 ; the cathodic peaks at 2.32 and 2.16 V vs. Li/Li + are attributed to the reduction of V 5+ to V 4+ and the partial reduction of V 4+ to V 3+ , respectively. 11,12,22,27,28 The weak cathodic peak at 1.95 V vs. Li/Li + may be ascribed to the further reduction of vanadium from V 4+ to V 3+ . 29 high specic discharge capacities of 325, 269, 259, 244, 227 and 215 mA h g À1 at the current densities of 5, 20, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 mA g À1 , respectively.…”