The International Journal of Energy Research (IJER) recognized early on the potential and opportunities of nanomaterials and nanotechnology for energy applications. In the past, several special issues on this theme have been published and separate papers in this category have been regularly published [1,2]. Through improved physical and chemical properties such as increased catalytic activity, large specific surface area, or new functionalities, nanomaterials have shown their applicability for a range of energy technologies such as solar cells, batteries, hydrogen technologies, among others. Nanotechnology is becoming a standard tool to improve the performance or to reduce the cost of novel energy systems. New nano energy devices such as energy harvesting are also emerging.While IJER has launched specific calls for papers in nanotechnology for energy in the past, this time we have chosen extended papers from the 7th International Conference on Surfaces, Coatings & Nanostructured Materials (NANOSMAT 7) which was held in Prague, The Czech Republic, in autumn 2012. A few other paper submissions of interest are also included here. The NANOSMAT conferences have traditionally included several sessions on nanomaterials for energy showing an increasing interest among the science community in this research topic. NANOSMAT conferences have been running since 2005 and due to their great success NANOSMAT-USA and NANOSMAT-Asia have been launched.The papers in this IJER Special Issue on nanotechnology for energy applications deal with solar cells, light-emitting diodes, Li-ion batteries, hydrogen storage, fuel cells, hydrogen production, and energy harvesting. A range of different nanomaterials are also covered such as carbon nanospheres, carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanocomposites, etc. Altogether 14 papers are included in the special issue. A short summary of each paper is presented in the next to introduce the readers of the journal into this special issue.Tsai et al.[3] investigated CuInS 2 thin film solar cells in their paper. They looked on the effects of sulfurization and the Cu/in-ratio on the film quality and morphology, which depend very much on the processing conditions. A solar cell with an efficiency of 6.29% was produced.Pimanpang et al.[4] fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells on plastics and stainless steel. The stainless steel was coated with a film of TiO 2 nanoparticles and the plastic was made conductive through deposition of Pt-nanoparticles. This fully flexible DSSC solar cell showed an efficiency of 2.72%.Su et al.[5] used ZrO 2 nanoparticles to improve the light transmission for a natural pigment-sensitized solar cell in a water-based electrolyte. The nanoparticles improved the light transmission by a factor of eight. An environmentally friendly solar cell with an efficiency of 0.688 % was produced.Ray et al.[6] studied the effect of nitrogen functionalization on the structure of carbon spheres which can potentially be used for energy applications such as solar cells and capacitors. Kasdorf et al. ...