Electrochemical Performance of Ultrafine Bubble Water

Abstract

The electrochemical performance of ultrafine bubble (UFB) water , is reported herein. Recently, UFB has found applications in various fields, However, the detailed mechanism underlying the performance of UFB is not known, although the relevance of ions (proton and hydroxide ion) in solution has been discussed. Therefore, we investigated UFB through electrochemical measurements. First, we conducted a preliminary experiment in an ultrafine bubble generator (BUVITAS HYK-32-D, KYOWA KISETSU) and a measuring device for the concentration of microparticles (NANOSIGHT LM-10, Quantum Design, Inc.) . We also measured the electrical conductivity (S230, Mettler Toledo) and pH (LAQUA F-73, Horiba co. Ltd.) and found that the amount of flowing gas and the gas species did not influence the UFB concentration.

Ultrafine bubbles effectively enhance soybean seedling growth under nutrient deficit stress

“…A combination of both the resonance foaming method and the vacuum cavitation method (U.S. Patent No. 10,500,553, 2019) enabled us to produce 2.7 × 10 7 UFBs per ml with average diameter of 226 nm (Figure 1), which is presumably a normal and effective UFB density, according to results reported previously (Ueda, Tokuda, Shigeto, Nihei & Oka, 2013;Ueda, Tokuda & Zushi, 2014).…”

Effect of fine bubbles on electric discharge in water

“…As other possibility, it will be considered that the electric field is increased by creating cusps at the contact point between two bubbles when a lot of bubbles exist in the gap. However, it was unlikely to induce breakdown in our case because fine bubbles repulsed each other in water due to surface charges [24,25]. Because thermal bubbles created by Joule heating are thus not needed when the discharge plasma was generated with fine bubbles, this led to the low discharge inception voltage and suppression of water temperature increase.…”

“…ζ potential, which is electric potential in the interfacial double layer, of a fine bubble in aqueous solution at neutral and basic conditions is negative. However, ζ potential of fine bubbles is positive in acidic condition below pH 4.5 [24,25]. In other words, there are many negative ions around the bubble surface at pH 4.…”

Destabilization of ultrafine bubbles in water using indirect ultrasonic irradiation

“…Generation and destabilization of UFBs are of fundamental and practical importance in many applications. Concerning the generation of UFBs, several researchers have reported various methods such as pressurized dissolution [13] , [14] , swirling liquid flow [10] , [15] , ultrasonic irradiation [16] , [17] , and membrane method [18] . On the other hand, only a few have studied the defoaming and removal of UFBs from liquid media.…”