Electrochemical Peroxide Generation

Vijapur, Santosh H.; Hall, Timothy; Snyder, Stephen; Inman, Maria; Taylor, E. Jennings; Skinn, Brian

doi:10.1149/07711.0947ecst

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As shown in eqs and , the ORR in an alkaline electrolyte can proceed through the 2e – pathway to H 2 O 2 at the thermodynamic potential of 0.76 V vs RHE or reduce further via the 4e – pathway to a more thermodynamically stable product, H 2 O, at 1.23 V vs RHE. , The ability to fine-tune the binding strength between the electrocatalyst active sites and *OOH, the first intermediate formed in the reaction, is vital to producing H 2 O 2 efficiently . Strongly bound *OOH would be reduced all the way to form the undesired H 2 O. Weakly bound *OOH, on the other hand, would result in a low ORR activity due to the inherent scaling relation between the *OOH and *OH adsorption energies. − Among the current H 2 O 2 -selective catalysts, which include noble metals, metal complexes, metal oxides, and single-atom catalysts, metal-free carbon materials have gained the most interest due to their low cost, scalability, and high flexibility in structural and surface modifications .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Metal-free Doped Carbon Nanohorn Catalysts for Efficient Electrosynthesis of H₂O₂ from O₂ Reduction

Chakthranont

Nitrathorn

Thongratkaew

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Electroreduction of O2 is a promising method for decentralized H2O2 production. Due to their high selectivity, low cost, and highly tunable properties, O- and N-doped carbon catalysts are appealing for this process. However, the relative effects of O and N dopants on the catalytic performances of carbon are not well understood. In this work, we present highly active and selective 2e– O2 reduction catalysts based on doped carbon nanohorns (CNH) synthesized by the gas-injected arc-in-water (GI-AIW) method. The effects of O and N dopants incorporated during the synthesis and the post-treatment are investigated. We discovered that the selectivity of CNH may be more sensitive to changes in N dopant than to changes in O dopant. Our doped CNH catalyst exhibits an early onset potential of 0.85 V vs RHE, >80% selectivity, and excellent stability even after 5,000 cycles and 12 h of flow electrolysis. Our gas diffusion device can generate H2O2 at a practical concentration of 56 mM per hour, corresponding to a production rate of 0.74 mol h–1 gcat –1. These results suggest that regulating both O and N dopants is an effective design strategy for an efficient carbon catalyst, which is essential in the electrosynthesis of H2O2 from O2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Metal-free Doped Carbon Nanohorn Catalysts for Efficient Electrosynthesis of H₂O₂ from O₂ Reduction

Chakthranont

Nitrathorn

Thongratkaew

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…The most efficient results were obtained by using supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) in which up to 98% of all organic matter could be broken down (Hendrickx and Mergeay, 2007;Zhang et al, 2018). Hydrogen peroxide was used as an oxidizer in these tests, which is a compound that can be generated within a BLSS loop (Tikhomirov et al, 2011;Vijapur et al, 2017;Nelson et al, 2020). Nevertheless, it is safe to assume that, in reality, there will always be some level of material loss in any BLSS loop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stoichiometric model of a fully closed bioregenerative life support system for autonomous long-duration space missions

Vermeulen

Papic²,

Nikolič

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) are vital for long-duration and remote space missions to increase mission sustainability. These systems break down human waste materials into nutrients and CO2 for plants and other edible organisms, which in turn provide food, fresh water, and oxygen for astronauts. The central idea is to create a materially closed loop, which can significantly reduce mission mass and volume by cutting down or even eliminating disposable waste. In most BLSS studies only a fraction of the resources, such as food, are provided by the system itself, with the rest taken on board at departure or provided through resupply missions. However, for autonomous long-duration space missions without any possibility of resupply, a BLSS that generates all resources with minimal or no material loss, is essential. The goal of this study is to develop a stoichiometric model of a conceptually fully closed BLSS that provides all the metabolic needs of the crew and organisms. The MELiSSA concept of the European Space Agency is used as reference system, consisting of five interconnected compartments, each inhabited by different types of organisms. A detailed review of publicly available MELiSSA literature from 1989 to 2022 revealed that no existing stoichiometric model met the study’s requirements. Therefore, a new stoichiometric model was developed to describe the cycling of the elements C, H, O, and N through all five MELiSSA compartments and one auxiliary compartment. A compact set of chemical equations with fixed coefficients was established for this purpose. A spreadsheet model simulates the flow of all relevant compounds for a crew of six. By balancing the dimensions of the different compartments, a high degree of closure is attained at steady state, with 12 out of 14 compounds exhibiting zero loss, and oxygen and CO2 displaying only minor losses between iterations. This is the first stoichiometric model of a MELiSSA-inspired BLSS that describes a continuous provision of 100% of the food and oxygen needs of the crew. The stoichiometry serves as the foundation of an agent-based model of the MELiSSA loop, as part of the Evolving Asteroid Starships (E|A|S) research project.

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“…Ongoing activity between Faraday Technology, Inc. and UPR has demonstrated electrochemical generation of 3 w/w% hydrogen peroxide in a "H-cell" electrochemical laboratory set-up utilizing a sodium sulfate electrolyte. 20 Preliminary "kill" studies using e. coli demonstrated that ~1 w/w% hydrogen peroxide was an effective disinfectant concentration. To avoid the need for sodium sulfate, the peroxide generation reactor was transitioned from the bench-scale…”

Section: Hydrogen Peroxide Generation For Sterilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry for Space Life Support

Nelson

Vijapur

Hall

et al. 2020

Electrochem. Soc. Interface

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Electrochemical technology plays a key role in maintaining habitable environments for human space exploration. Historically, oxygen generation through electrolysis has been a key electrochemical technology for space life support. However, emerging electrochemical technologies are changing the way we process carbon dioxide and urine to supply oxygen and fresh water. Similarly, electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide can support in-situ resource utilization to produce disinfectants for sanitary needs. These technologies will support space exploration that relies upon closed loop living and is increasingly independent of ground support, opening opportunities for human exploration of the Moon and Mars.

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Electrochemical Peroxide Generation

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Rational Design of Metal-free Doped Carbon Nanohorn Catalysts for Efficient Electrosynthesis of H₂O₂ from O₂ Reduction

Rational Design of Metal-free Doped Carbon Nanohorn Catalysts for Efficient Electrosynthesis of H₂O₂ from O₂ Reduction

Stoichiometric model of a fully closed bioregenerative life support system for autonomous long-duration space missions

Electrochemistry for Space Life Support

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Electrochemical Peroxide Generation

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Rational Design of Metal-free Doped Carbon Nanohorn Catalysts for Efficient Electrosynthesis of H2O2 from O2 Reduction

Rational Design of Metal-free Doped Carbon Nanohorn Catalysts for Efficient Electrosynthesis of H2O2 from O2 Reduction

Stoichiometric model of a fully closed bioregenerative life support system for autonomous long-duration space missions

Electrochemistry for Space Life Support

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Product

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Rational Design of Metal-free Doped Carbon Nanohorn Catalysts for Efficient Electrosynthesis of H₂O₂ from O₂ Reduction

Rational Design of Metal-free Doped Carbon Nanohorn Catalysts for Efficient Electrosynthesis of H₂O₂ from O₂ Reduction