Electrochemical Polymerization of Pyrrole: Key Process Control Parameters

Abstract

This work deals with the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole. The electrochemical polymerization process is evaluated in terms of polymer yield and conversion with respect to monomer and dopant concentrations, applied voltage, and polymerization temperature. An expression for predicting the system current as a function of the aforesaid process parameters has been developed. The system current and normalized system current have been found to be the determining factors for controlling the yield and conversion, respectively.

Studies on electrolytic and doping behavior of different compounds and their combination on the electrical resistance of polypyrrole film via electrochemical polymerization

“…The decrease in resistance was further supported by the corresponding increase in weight add-on %, as shown in Figure 4b. The minimum surface resistance was observed in the presence of 0.15 mM pTSA followed by AQSA-Na at 3 V. An increase in voltage led to an increase in polymer deposition, as was also demonstrated by Maiti et al 18 However, after 4 V, the resistance increased in spite of the increase in weight add-on (%), as observed in Figure 4b. As reported by Maiti et al, 18 a rough surface of polypyrrole resulted in higher surface resistance.…”

“…The minimum surface resistance was observed in the presence of 0.15 mM pTSA followed by AQSA-Na at 3 V. An increase in voltage led to an increase in polymer deposition, as was also demonstrated by Maiti et al 18 However, after 4 V, the resistance increased in spite of the increase in weight add-on (%), as observed in Figure 4b. As reported by Maiti et al, 18 a rough surface of polypyrrole resulted in higher surface resistance. Beck and Oberst 20 also observed that as the thickness of the polypyrrole film increased, the surface structure appeared to be cauliflower-like rather than a smooth one.…”

“…Electrolytic behavior of chemicals was studied at a voltage ranging from 1 to 5 V. It can be noted that a high polymerization voltage was required for faster deposition of polypyrrole with a higher yield, as observed by Maiti et al 18 But a too high voltage was known to result in overoxidation of polypyrrole, which eventually led to higher resistance of the polypyrrole film 19 . The system current and electric charge were measured during polymerization at different time intervals.…”

Templateless electrogeneration of polypyrrole nanostructures: impact of the anionic composition and pH of the monomer solution

“…It is an attractive technique that allows the one-step formation of a polymer lm onto the electrode surface. 21,22 Whatever the method used, the oxidation of pyrrole (Py) leads to the formation of polypyrrole under its oxidized form, form doped with anions (A À ), according to the following reaction: nPy + gnA À / [(Py) (gn)+ n , gnA À ] + 2(n À 1)H + + ((2 + g)n À 2)e À…”

Electrically‐assisted chemical vapor polymerization: A novel method for in situ polymerization of pyrrole

“…This problem is eliminated in electrochemical polymerization since the polymer is formed either on the electrode or on the substrate fixed onto it. 11,12 On the other hand, electrochemical polymerization is comparatively fast, and the yield of the polymer depends on many process factors, such as the concentration of chemicals, time of polymerization, ambient conditions, and so forth. 13 A major advantage of electrochemical polymerization lies in the fact that the electrical potential may directly be used for polymerization without using any chemical oxidant.…”