Electrochemical preconcentration and separation for elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry

Salin, Eric D.; Habib, M. M.

doi:10.1021/ac00271a030

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While (ce)2 is expressed very simply by eq 6, eq 5 for (ce)! can be shown to be dependent on (ce)2 and (p/s) ratio where the new constant y (cm3/mol) is characteristic of the depositing metal, and of the cell y = p/s (8) Transition between (ce)i and (ce)2. It is natural to expect that there should be a smooth transition between the two equilibria concentration levels, (ce)x and (ce)2, when there is a continuous increase of the initial concentration, c0, starting at some ultratrace low level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By its application as a preliminary step, it is possible to decrease the practical limits of detection by up to 2 orders of magnitude below the usual values for the instrumental methods alone. Various instrumental methods can be coupled with the electrolytic preconcentration, and such methods, as neutron activation analysis (NAA) (4), electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETA-AAS) (5, 6), and recently inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES) (7)(8)(9)(10)(11) proved especially valuable. These methods, coupled with the electrolytic preconcentration, achieved limits of detection in the parts-perbillion range, for several environmentally important metals in natural waters and biological fluids.Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is an important method, which intrinsically combines the electrolytic precon-…”

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Concentration limits of electrolytic preconcentration in instrumental analysis

Sioda¹

1988

Anal. Chem.

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A general mathematical model has been developed describing concentration limits for the process of electrolytic preconcentration of metal Ions by deposition. The model shows that the deposition behavior Is Initial-concentration dependent and leads to a final equilibrium concentration of metal Ions In solution, described by a single generalized equation. The model has application for practical electrolytic preconcentrations performed In connection with the following Instrumental determination.Electrolytic preconcentration is frequently used for improving limits of detection of many instrumental methods of analysis (1-3). By its application as a preliminary step, it is possible to decrease the practical limits of detection by up to 2 orders of magnitude below the usual values for the instrumental methods alone. Various instrumental methods can be coupled with the electrolytic preconcentration, and such methods, as neutron activation analysis (NAA) (4), electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETA-AAS) (5, 6), and recently inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES) (7)(8)(9)(10)(11) proved especially valuable. These methods, coupled with the electrolytic preconcentration, achieved limits of detection in the parts-perbillion range, for several environmentally important metals in natural waters and biological fluids.Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is an important method, which intrinsically combines the electrolytic precon-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Concentration limits of electrolytic preconcentration in instrumental analysis

Sioda¹

1988

Anal. Chem.

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“…In the past three decades, electrolytic preconcentration has been used in conjunction with a variety of atomic spectroscopic techniques for detecting metal species at low levels. − Recently, the on-line combination of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) or adsorptive stripping voltammetry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP)MS 4,9-15 has generated renewed interest in this field, because several studies have demonstrated that metal species present at ultratrace levels (down to ppt or even ppq) can be analyzed by such a hyphenated technique (ASV-ICPMS). The exquisite sensitivity of ASV-ICPMS stems in part from the preconcentration effect inherent in the ASV procedure .…”

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confidence: 99%

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Combined On-Line with Inductively Coupled Plasma-MS via a Direct-Injection High-Efficiency Nebulizer

et al. 2003

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A direct-injection high-efficiency nebulizer (DIHEN) is used to couple a thin-layer electrochemical flow cell on-line with an ICP-mass spectrometer to perform anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) at a thin mercury film followed by subsequent ICPMS measurements for the stripped metal analytes. The resultant hyphenated technique (ASV-DIHEN-ICPMS) is capable of analyzing select heavy metals present at ultratrace levels (down to low-ppt to sub-ppt levels) that are lower than the detection limits obtained by conventional ICPMS. In addition to its good analytical performance, the technique offers other attractive features such as the ability to eliminate detrimental matrix effects that can compromise ICPMS analyses and the possibility of probing electrode reactions involving trace amounts metal species with ICPMS. For conducting ASV on-line with ICPMS, the DIHEN was found to be more advantageous than the microconcentric nebulizer in terms of minimizing memory effects and potential artifacts caused by the erosion of the Hg film into the flowing solution stream. Compared to a direct injection nebulizer (DIN), the DIHEN was easier to operate. Moreover, its simpler design and the lack of back pressure from the DIHEN capillary made it more compatible with coupling to the thin-layer electrochemical cell than a DIN system.

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“…Electrolytic preconcentration (EP) requires a single controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) to concentrate traces of reducible metals as a deposit on an inert electrode or amalgam in mercury, leaving electrochemically inactive interfering elements in solution. This technique is frequently used for improving detection limits in many instrumental methods of analysis (1-3) and has been used in flameless atomic ab-sorption spectroscopy (ETA-AAS) (4-8), neutron activation analysis (NAA) (9)(10)(11), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES) using a variety of electrodes and sample introduction methods (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%