Electrochemical preparation of activated graphene oxide for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol

Velmurugan, M.; Karikalan, Natarajan; Cheng, Yongqiang; Karuppiah, Chelladurai

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.112

Cited by 103 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, achieving a large CIC for graphene electrodes requires a previous electrochemical activation of the material itself. The electrochemical activation of graphene electrodes is accomplished by applying multiple sweep-rate potentials between the water window limits, allowing emerging electrochemical reactions in the material to change its behavior [39,40]. The activation causes the fracture of the graphene lattice, creating more pores and thus increasing the edge plane density with a result of an increase in the electrode-transfer rate and the charge-injection capacity [41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Novel Measurement Setup for Characterization of Graphene Microelectrodes and a Comparative Study of Variables Influencing Charge Injection Limits of Implantable Microelectrodes

Cisnal

Ihmig

Fraile

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Depending on their use, electrodes must have a certain size and design so as not to compromise their electrical characteristics. It is fundamental to be aware of all dependences on external factors that vary the electrochemical characteristics of the electrodes. When using implantable electrodes, the maximum charge injection capacity (CIC) is the total amount of charge that can be injected into the tissue in a reversible way. It is fundamental to know the relations between the characteristics of the microelectrode itself and its maximum CIC in order to develop microelectrodes that will be used in biomedical applications. CIC is a very complex measure that depends on many factors: material, size (geometric and effectiveness area), and shape of the implantable microelectrode and long-term behavior, composition, and temperature of the electrolyte. In this paper, our previously proposed measurement setup and automated calculation method are used to characterize a graphene microelectrode and to measure the behavior of a set of microelectrodes that have been developed in the Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT) labs. We provide an electrochemical evaluation of CIC for these microelectrodes by examining the role of the following variables: pulse width of the stimulation signal, electrode geometry and size, roughness factor, solution, and long-term behavior. We hope the results presented in this paper will be useful for future studies and for the manufacture of advanced implantable microelectrodes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Novel Measurement Setup for Characterization of Graphene Microelectrodes and a Comparative Study of Variables Influencing Charge Injection Limits of Implantable Microelectrodes

Cisnal

Ihmig

Fraile

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…Therefore, the exploration of functional materials-modified electrodes to extend the dynamic range of analytical determinations still remains a major challenge for the electrochemical determination of HQ and CC. So far, various carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanocages (CNCs) [14], carbon nanofibers [15], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [16], carbon nanofragments (CNFs) [17], carbon dots (CDs) [18], graphene-like carbon nanosheets (GCN) [19] and activated graphene oxide [20] have been developed for the electrochemical detection of HQ and CC. Thereinto, CNFs reveal unique nanostructured fragments with high surface area, abundant functional groups, excellent structural stability and high electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic oxidation efficiency [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Flower-Like Copper Sulfide Nanoflake-Decorated Carbon Nanofragments-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes for Simultaneous Electrocatalytic Sensing of Co-existing Hydroquinone and Catechol

Alshahrani

Miao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Sensors

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A copper sulfide nanoflakes-decorated carbon nanofragments-modified glassy carbon electrode (CuS-CNF/GCE) was fabricated for the electrocatalytic differentiation and determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC). The physicochemical properties of the CuS-CNF were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic determination of HQ and CC over the CuS-CNF/GCE was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. An excellent detection limit and sensitivity of the CuS-CNF/GCE are obtained (0.293 µM and 0.259 µM) with a sensitivity of 184 nA µM−1 cm−2 and 208 nA µM−1 cm−2 (S/N=3) for HQ and CC, respectively. In addition, the CuS-CNF/GCE shows a selective identification of HQ and CC over potential interfering metal ions (Zn2+, Na+, K+, NO3−, SO42−, Cl−) and organic compounds (ascorbic acid, glucose), and a satisfactory recovery is also obtained in the spiked water samples. These results suggest that the CuS-CNF/GCE can be used as an efficient electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of co-existing environmental pollutants such as HQ and CC in water environments with high selectivity and acceptable reproducibility.

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“…Hydroquinone (1,4‐dihydroxybenzene, HQ) is an important chemical compound with a wide range of applications in the industrial fields of cosmetics, food, pesticides, pharmacy, photographic developers, dye and antioxidants . However, it is a highly polluting and hazardous chemical, which is usually absorbed through the skin and can cause damage to the lungs, liver, kidney and urinary tract in living beings .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Hydroquinone and Bisphenol A using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Silver Nanoparticles

et al. 2018

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In this paper, a rapid and sensitive modified electrode for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and bisphenol A (BPA) is proposed. The simultaneous determination of these two compounds is extremely important since they can coexist in the same sample and are very harmful to plants, animals and the environment in general. A carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified with silver nanoparticles (nAg) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The PVP was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent of nAg from silver nitrate in aqueous media. The nAg‐PVP composite obtained was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of HQ and BPA at the nAg‐PVP/CPE was investigated in 0.1 mol L−1 B−R buffer (pH 6.0) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The results indicate that the electrochemical responses are improved significantly with the use of the modified electrode. The calibration curves obtained by SWV, under the optimized conditions, showed linear ranges of 0.09–2.00 μmol L−1 for HQ (limit of detection 0.088 μmol L−1) and 0.04–1.00 μmol L−1 for BPA (limit of detection 0.025 μmol L−1). The modified electrode was successfully applied in the analysis of water samples and the results were comparable to those obtained using UV‐vis spectroscopy.

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Electrochemical preparation of activated graphene oxide for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol

Cited by 103 publications

References 38 publications

Application of a Novel Measurement Setup for Characterization of Graphene Microelectrodes and a Comparative Study of Variables Influencing Charge Injection Limits of Implantable Microelectrodes

Application of a Novel Measurement Setup for Characterization of Graphene Microelectrodes and a Comparative Study of Variables Influencing Charge Injection Limits of Implantable Microelectrodes

3D-Flower-Like Copper Sulfide Nanoflake-Decorated Carbon Nanofragments-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes for Simultaneous Electrocatalytic Sensing of Co-existing Hydroquinone and Catechol

Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Hydroquinone and Bisphenol A using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Silver Nanoparticles

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