Electrochemical Preparation of Barium Chlorate from Barium Chloride

Abstract

The electrochemical oxidation of barium chloride to chlorate employing a noble metal oxide coated anode and a rotating stainless steel cathode is described. The effect of different electrolyte concentration, anode and cathode current density, pH and temperature of the electrolyte, and cathode rotation on current efficiency for the preparation of barium chlorate was studied. A maximum current efficiency of 56% was achieved corresponding to the energy consumption of 7.1 kW‚h‚kg -1 .

Influence of the operating conditions on the electrochemical disinfection process of natural waters at BDD electrodes

“…In an alkaline medium there is a predominant discharge of hydroxyl ions favouring the formation of free oxygen; in an acid medium, conditions are favourable for the evolution of gaseous chlorine; in a medium close to neutral, there is a simultaneous, approximately equivalent discharge of OH -and Cl -ions, favouring the subsequent chemical steps for the formation of chlorine products at higher oxidation state [18].…”

“…Moreover, when the pH is slightly alkaline, the formation of chlorate by electrochemical oxidation of the hypochlorite at the anode is also possible [18]: Finally, when high concentrations of chlorate are achieved formation of perchlorate must also be accounted for.…”

Studies on the Oxidation of As(III) to As(V) by In-Situ-Generated Hypochlorite

“…There is an increase in the generation rate with increasing current density. 24 In the practical use of the oxidation of As(III), this linear increase in the hypochlorite production rate with current density could be used to adjust the hypochlorite production rate, in relation to different concentrations of As(III) (i.e., changing the hypochlorite demand). Table 3 shows the effect of current density relative to the production of hypochlorite and As(III) oxidation efficiency.…”

“…Table shows the variation of hypochlorite concentration and the oxidation of As(III) with temperature. The table reveals that the concentration of hypochlorite was steady in the temperature range of 300−313 K and decreased beyond 313 K. Correspondingly, the oxidation efficiency for the oxidation of As (III) also decreased beyond 313 K. Nevertheless, it is always necessary to operate the cell at lower temperatures to prevent the formation of chlorate, per reactions 7 and 8, given below: …”

Optimization of the process parameters for an electrochemical preparation of strontium perchlorate

“…In view of the scant literature on the electrochemical preparation of alkaline earth metal perchlorates, it is clear that the electrochemical route was considered inappropriate for alkaline earth metal perchlorates, due to precipitation of corresponding metal hydroxides, which are having poor solubility as against the hydroxides of alkali metals. The authors were successful in preparing magnesium and barium chlorate [10][11][12][13] where metal oxide coated titanium as anode and a rotating cathode was employed to minimize the precipitation of corresponding metal hydroxides. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to prepare strontium perchlorate from strontium chlorate, by electrochemical method, using platinum and rotating stainless steel as anode and cathode, respectively.…”