Electrochemical Processing, Inorganic

Abstract

Electrochemical processes are used to produce an array of reactive inorganic chemicals and metals. The most reactive materials, strongest oxidants, and strongest reductants are produced electrochemically at anodes and cathodes, respectively. Process technology for the production of each electrochemical is unique. Power supplies and electrolytic cells are the distinguishing features of electrochemical processes. Electrolytic cells use direct current and are designed to be process specific. Every cell consists of an anode, a cathode, and container. Cells may be monopolar or bipolar, with or without separators, and equipped to handle aqueous solutions or fused salt electrolytes. Industrial processes described include electrolysis of chloride solutions and production of manganese dioxide, fluorine, permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide. The electrolysis of water and production of heavy water are also described. Processes for electrowinning of metals from aqueous solutions and from fused salts are discussed as are electrochemical processes for hazardous waste treatment systems.

Pilot‐testing of electrolysis for bromide removal from drinking water

“…On the interior base of each cell, narrow bracket supports extended the length of the cell. On the top of each support bracket, a narrow slit was cut; into this slit, narrow ribbons of titanium anode, coated with a proprietary coating 1 of ruthenium oxide and titanium dioxide (Grotheer, 1998), were mounted perpendicular to the cathodes. Each cell had 40 ribbons, each 0.5 cm apart from the other.…”

Interfacing single-atom catalysis with continuous-flow organic electrosynthesis

“…The range of examples exploiting electrocatalytic steps in organic synthesis is significantly smaller in volume than thermochemical analogues. 41–44 However, it has been demonstrated that there is substantial market potential to implement electrosynthetic routes as an alternative to traditional thermochemical approaches, for the sustainable production of organic chemicals, such as is the case with the Simons fluorination process, 45 the Monsanto adiponitrile process, 46 and electrochemical deuteration methods. 47…”

A new approach for improving the silicon texturing process using gas-lift effect

“…Good electrolyte circulation provides transport of electro-active species to the electrode surface as well as taking bubbles away from the electrode surface. Internal gas lift circulation in a welldesigned electrochemical cell is much more efficient than mechanically pumped circulation [11]. In this article, the effect of gas-lift circulation on the texturing process of silicon wafers has been studied.…”