Electrochemical Properties and Kinetics of Asymmetric Sodium Benzene‐1,2,4‐tricarboxylate as an Anode Material for Sodium‐Organic Batteries

Abstract

Organic carboxylates are well‐accepted as low‐cost anodes for sodium‐ion batteries, owing to their abundant natural resources, structural versatility and suitable potentials. In this work, sodium benzene‐1,2,4‐tricarboxylate (Na‐1,2,4‐BTC), featured as an asymmetric carboxylic‐based coordination salt, is studied as a Na storage anode. The sodium ions exhibit diffusion‐controlled behavior involving the enolization of the C=O groups in Na‐1,2,4‐BTC. Meanwhile, benefiting from its robust organic‐metal coordination framework and fast charge transfer properties, the as‐prepared Na‐1,2,4‐BTC delivers a high initial desodiation capacity of 258 mA h g−1, outstanding rate capability at 2 A g−1 and remarkable cyclability over 500 cycles, demonstrating a great potential as Na‐organic battery anode with high performance and low cost.

Highly efficient phenanthroline-based organic anode materials with a three-electron redox mechanism

“…Aer the carboxylic acid (-COOH) was alkalized by NaOH to form sodium carboxylate (-COONa), the stretching vibration of the carbonyl group (C]O) in S-PD shied to 1635 cm À1 and the O-H bending vibration peak almost disappeared, indicating the successful conversion from H 2 -PD to S-PD. 26,27 The morphology of the S-PD powder was studied by eldemission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. As shown in the FESEM image (Fig.…”

“…After the carboxylic acid (–COOH) was alkalized by NaOH to form sodium carboxylate (–COONa), the stretching vibration of the carbonyl group (CO) in S-PD shifted to 1635 cm −1 and the O–H bending vibration peak almost disappeared, indicating the successful conversion from H 2 -PD to S-PD. 26,27…”

Carbonyl Chemistry for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems

“…Moreover, K 2 TP can display stable reversible potassiation/depotassiation at 0.5/0.7 V with an average specific capacity of 181 mAh g –1 for 100 cycles . Similarly, other terephthalate salts of metallic cations (such as Ag + , Ni 2+ , Ca 2+ ) have been successfully prepared, which all exhibit the satisfactory discharge capacities in electrochemical storage systems. − Interestingly, besides metal benzene dicarboxylate, benzene tricarboxylate and benzene tetracarboxylate both can be regarded as high-performance organic electrodes for metal-ion storage, which results from the increased carboxylate active sites and enhanced aromatic conjugated structure. − A lamellar tetrapotassium pyromellitic (K 4 PM) with four active sites and a large interlayer distance has been designed by Pan et al, which demonstrates a large capacity up to 292 mAh g –1 at 50 mA g –1 and a good cycling durability with a capacity retention of 83% after 1000 cycles (Figure g and Figure h) . Besides the metal carboxylate with a single benzene skeleton, dianhydride derivative salts as multiring aromatic carbonyl compounds have been exploited as satisfying electrode materials with a high capacity and stable performance.…”