Electrochemical properties of a lithium-impregnated metal foam anode for thermal batteries

Choi, Yusong; Yu, Hye-Ryeon; Cheong, Hae-Won

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.103

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Thermal batteries are primary batteries using molten salts as electrolytes, which use the internal pyrotechnic as the heat source. [1,2] Since the advent of thermal batteries, they have attracted much attention as one of the most important power source devices for guided missiles and extended space flights due to their intrinsic advantages, such as high specific energy, long shelf life, and fast activation. [3,4] The typical character of thermal batteries is that the electrolyte is nonconductive at ambient temperature, and its conductivity is higher than those of conventional liquid electrolytes at high temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS₂ as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

et al. 2020

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Nanocrystallization can shorten the Li+ transport distance, resulting in the enhancement of electrochemical activity for cathode materials. However, nanocathode materials tend to be thermally unstable, further leading to poor electrochemical performance of a battery system. This disadvantage can be especially detrimental for thermal batteries because they are often operated at high temperatures (≥450 °C). Herein, the decomposition character of NiS2 at 500 °C is investigated. The decomposition temperatures of NiS2 are found to decrease from 510 to 350 °C with the grain size decreasing to 39 nm, due to the dramatically increased surface energy. The decomposition product is confirmed to be NiS, evidenced by a high‐temperature X‐ray diffractometer. The useful mass of the cathode will reduce once the discharging temperature is higher than 500 °C. Namely, although the small grain size shorthens the Li+ transport distance, the discharge performance of the NiS2 cathode may also decrease due to its inferior thermal stability. For the Li‐B/LiF–LiCl–LiBr/NiS2 system, the NiS2 with the grain size of 70 nm shows the highest specific capacity of 831 mAh g−1 under the discharging temperature of 500 °C, with the cut‐off voltage of 0.5 V, compared with other grain sizes from 39 to 112 nm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS₂ as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

et al. 2020

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“…For example, Choi et al. recently demonstrated that the Fe powder binder could be effectively replaced with molten salt coated Ni metal foam [4] . The comparison between Li−Si anode and Li‐impregnated metal foam anode (LIMFA) demonstrated the superior performance of LIMFA with high current density and voltage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Li Anode/FeS₂ Cathode Electrochemical Properties for Optimizing High‐Power Thermal Batteries

Choi

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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Herein, the discharge properties of lithium (Li) anode with FeS2 cathode system are investigated under different pressure loads, weight percent of Li, temperatures, and current densities to provide a fundamental understanding of the operational safety, electrochemical properties, and optimization parameters for Li anode‐based thermal batteries. The lithium anode was prepared via physically mixing Li with Fe powder. The Li−Si alloy, the most common anode for thermal batteries, was investigated simultaneously to show the clear distinction in electrochemical performance between the Li anode and Li−Si anode. For achieving high operational safety and discharge performance with Li anode, the recommended pressure load and weight percent of Li are below 6 kgf cm−2 and 15 wt%, respectively, to prevent any leakage or short‐circuiting problems. The discharge at 500 °C and 0.2–0.4 A cm−2 exhibits the optimal performance for the Li anode and FeS2 cathode system. Finally, the thermal batteries with 17 cells are manufactured to confirm the aforementioned parameters at −32 and 63 °C to demonstrate that the previous results coincide with the actual battery level experiments. Due to the intertwined nature of the parameters, the optimization should always be conducted in a holistic manner to obtain high‐performance thermal batteries for future military applications.

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“…These characteristics make the thermal battery an ideal power supply for military weapons and equipments. [7][8][9][10] With the development of the new-generation weapon system (especially the air defense missiles), excellent pulse current discharge capacity and miniaturization become the trend of thermal battery development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Discharge Performance of Thin‐Film Thermal Battery

Guo²,

et al. 2020

Energy Tech

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In this study, a thin‐film single cell is successfully prepared by screen‐printing process. The single cell with 100 μm film cathode and 200 μm film electrolyte via screen‐printing technique exhibits a specific capacity of 1163.4 As g−1 up to 1.5 V. For comparison, a single cell with 500 μm pellet cathode and 300 μm pellet electrolyte via powder‐pressing process just presents a specific capacity of 361.3 As g−1. The enhancement of specific capacity of single cells prepared by the screen‐printing method can be ascribed to the microstructure of the thin film, which improves the diffusion rate of Li+ by macroscopically reducing the thickness of the single cell, and thus releases the maximum capacity of the active material. The thin‐film single cell also demonstrates low diffusion impedance, making it potentially suitable for use in a pulse miniaturization thermal battery. This work provides guidance for the potential engineering application of screen‐printing techniques in thermal battery preparation.

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Electrochemical properties of a lithium-impregnated metal foam anode for thermal batteries

Cited by 45 publications

References 6 publications

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS₂ as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS₂ as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

Investigation of Li Anode/FeS₂ Cathode Electrochemical Properties for Optimizing High‐Power Thermal Batteries

Preparation and Discharge Performance of Thin‐Film Thermal Battery

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Electrochemical properties of a lithium-impregnated metal foam anode for thermal batteries

Cited by 45 publications

References 6 publications

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS2 as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS2 as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

Investigation of Li Anode/FeS2 Cathode Electrochemical Properties for Optimizing High‐Power Thermal Batteries

Preparation and Discharge Performance of Thin‐Film Thermal Battery

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Product

Resources

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Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS₂ as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS₂ as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

Investigation of Li Anode/FeS₂ Cathode Electrochemical Properties for Optimizing High‐Power Thermal Batteries