Electrochemical Properties of Al Doped Polypyrrole Composite Polymer: Mott-Schottky Approximation and Density Functional Theory

Tokgoz, Seyit Riza; Firat, Y.E.; Safi, Zaki; Peksöz, Ahmet

doi:10.1149/2.0491908jes

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Figure 7 presents the MS plots of γ-FeOOH, PPy, and PFL/CDs-2, validating the n-type with positive slope and p-type with negative slope charge characteristic nature of γ-FeOOH and PPy, respectively. 55,56 At the same time, the PFL/CDs-2 composite showed both the positive and negative slopes, which reveal the n-type and p-type semiconductor conductivity nature of the composite (Figure 7c). According to the semiconductor properties, the flat-band potential (E fb ) values of n-type and p-type semiconductors were practically located near the conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB), respectively.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Facile Synthesis of Carbon Dot Deposited γ-FeOOH Nanosheet/Polypyrrole Composite: A Robust Photocatalyst for Degradation of Antibiotics under Sunlight Irradiation with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity

Sarkar

Padhi

Kumari

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This work reports the fabrication of a nanocomposite using carbon dotdeposited γ-FeOOH/polypyrrole composite through a facile in situ growth of γ-FeOOH, polymerization of pyrrole, and deposition of carbon dots (CDs) in a single pot along with its application as a photocatalyst toward degradation of antibiotics under sunlight irradiation. Here, the expired pharmaceutical drugs (waste) were used as a source of the synthesis of CDs to realize a "waste-to-wealth" approach. A series of nanocomposites (PFL/CDs-x; x = 1, 2, 3, and 4) with different γ-FeOOH content have been synthesized, and their photocatalytic activity was studied. Among all composites, PFL/CDs-2 exhibited the highest degradation efficiency of 97% within 90 min. The optimized γ-FeOOH and CD content in PFL/CDs-2 enhanced light trapping, charge separation, surface area, and formation of distinct heterojunction, indicating it as a promising candidate in photocatalysis. The excellent photocatalytic activity of PFL/CDs-2 can be attributed to synergistic enhancement of the light harvesting due to slow photon effect of the γ-FeOOH nanosheet and the inhibited recombination rate of photoexcited charge carriers based on a Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism. In addition, the antibacterial potential of the synthesized nanocomposite was studied against Bacillus pumilus (Grampositive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria. Moreover, the PFL/CDs-2 composite was found to be magnetically separable and recycled without a significant loss of photocatalytic efficiency after four cycles, indicating the high reusability and stability of the photocatalyst.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Facile Synthesis of Carbon Dot Deposited γ-FeOOH Nanosheet/Polypyrrole Composite: A Robust Photocatalyst for Degradation of Antibiotics under Sunlight Irradiation with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity

Sarkar

Padhi

Kumari

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Even so, there are few reports about strategies for tuning energy levels of PPy. In particular, some examples on this aspect have considered the formation of composite materials [ 61 , 62 ], the insertion of substituents into the monomer [ 63 ], and the insertion of new dopants into the polymer [ 64 ]. However, as far as we know, there are no reports on variations in the HOMO level of PPy when adjusting the electrosynthesis potential.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Alizadeh et al reported the effect of dopant on the optoelectronic properties of electro-synthesized PPy on FTO [ 71 ]. Meanwhile, for PPy electro-deposited on ITO, it has been observed that dopant modifications leads to different degrees of adhesions and energy levels [ 40 , 64 ]. Regarding temperature, it was found (using ITO electrodes) that the conductivity of PPy decreased by two orders of magnitude when the temperature was adjusted from 2 to 75 °C [ 48 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electrosynthesis Potential on Nucleation, Growth, Adhesion, and Electronic Properties of Polypyrrole Thin Films on Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide (FTO)

2021

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Polypyrrole (PPy) is one of the most attractive conducting polymers for thin film applications due to its good electrical conductivity, stability, optical properties, and biocompatibility. Among the technologies in which PPy has gained prominence are optoelectronics and solar energy conversion, where transparent electrodes such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) or indium tin oxide (ITO) are frequently used. However, FTO substrates have the notable advantage that their components are widely available in nature, unlike those of ITO. Recognizing the importance that the FTO/polypyrrole system has gained in various applications, here, we studied for the first time the nucleation and growth mechanism of electro-synthesized PPy on FTO. Additionally, the effect of the synthesis potential (0.9, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl) on the homogeneity, adhesion, conductivity, and HOMO energy levels of PPy films was determined. From current–time transients and scanning electron microscopy, it was found that films synthesized at 0.9 and 1.0 V exhibit 3D growth with progressive nucleation (as well as lower homogeneity and higher adhesion to FTO). In contrast, films synthesized at 1.1 and 1.2 V follow 2D growth with instantaneous nucleation. It was also evident that increasing the polymerization potential leads to polymers with lower conductivity and more negative HOMO levels (versus vacuum). These findings are relevant to encourage the use of electro-synthesized PPy in thin film applications that require a high control of material properties.

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“…The next analysis of EIS spectra was performed using equivalent circuit represented in Fig. 8e, because in some literature sources [37][38][39][40]41 it is reported that equivalent circuits based on connected in parallel the sequence of R-C are applied for the evaluation of layers of electrochemically deposited conducting polymer layers. We also have tested and compared different equivalent circuits for some conducting polymers based layers and the best results were obtained for equivalent circuit based on in series connected R-C elements 42,43 in comparison to evaluation based on equivalent circuit consisting of single R-C elements.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Heterogeneously Conductive Polypyrrole Layer from Non-Aqueous Solution Using The Double-Step Potential Technique

Plaušinaitis

Balčiūnas

Ramanavičius

2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this research we have investigated electrochemical formation of conducting polymer—polypryrrole (Ppy)—by multi-pulse/double-step potential (MpDsP) mode. Ppy layers were electrochemically formed from different concentrations of pyrrole, tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate salt (TBAPF6) in acetonitrile-based (AcN) electrolyte (AcN-TBAPF6). It was determined that during the first anodic potential step the discharge current is significantly higher in comparison to that observed during the next anodic potential step. We conclude that this effect is related to the formation of pyrrole “ad-layer” before the engagement of electrochemical oxidation of pyrrole. During long-lasting formation of Ppy layer the capacitance of double-layer has increased significantly. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data also showed that double-layer capacitance increases. Such increase of double-layer capacitance is determined by increasing effective electrochemically active surface area of conducting polymer—polypyrrole. However, at the same time, during the formation of Ppy layer by MpDsP approach the increase of reactive impedance (Zreal) has been observed. This effect was the most significant when higher concentrations (25 and 50 mM) of pyrrole in AcN-TBAPF6 based solutions were applied for the formation of Ppy layer. Therefore, we conclude that at increased pyrrole concentrations more homogenous and smooth Ppy layer is formed. However, at the same time the surface of Au-based electrode becomes homogenously blocked by overoxidized Ppy (Ppy(overox)), which has lower conductivity in comparison to that of initially formed Ppy. At low concentration of pyrrole monomer, the Au-based electrode surface is covered by heterogenic layer of Ppy, which is composed of different clusters, which are forming Ppy/Ppy(overox) zones of different conductivity.

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Electrochemical Properties of Al Doped Polypyrrole Composite Polymer: Mott-Schottky Approximation and Density Functional Theory

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Facile Synthesis of Carbon Dot Deposited γ-FeOOH Nanosheet/Polypyrrole Composite: A Robust Photocatalyst for Degradation of Antibiotics under Sunlight Irradiation with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity

Facile Synthesis of Carbon Dot Deposited γ-FeOOH Nanosheet/Polypyrrole Composite: A Robust Photocatalyst for Degradation of Antibiotics under Sunlight Irradiation with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity

Effect of Electrosynthesis Potential on Nucleation, Growth, Adhesion, and Electronic Properties of Polypyrrole Thin Films on Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide (FTO)

Synthesis of Heterogeneously Conductive Polypyrrole Layer from Non-Aqueous Solution Using The Double-Step Potential Technique

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