Electrochemical properties of an alkaline solid polymer electrolyte based on P(ECH-co-EO)

Vassal, N.; Salmon, Élodie; Fauvarque, Jean‐François

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(99)00369-2

Cited by 176 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…At a temperature of 70°C, the highest ionic conductivity of 7.2 S m -1 was achieved in the case of the membrane with an addition of 6.8 wt% of the water-soluble component. This value is higher than the IC of many other heterogeneous [17,19,20] or homogeneous [18,21,22] anion-exchange membranes reported in the literature. A further increase in the PEG-PPG addition resulted in a decrease of the IC.…”

Section: Ionic Conductivitycontrasting

confidence: 59%

Polymer anion-selective membranes for electrolytic splitting of water. Part II: Enhancement of ionic conductivity and performance under conditions of alkaline water electrolysis

et al. 2012

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An attempt was made to increase the ionic conductivity of novel, heterogeneous, anion-selective membranes by increasing the porosity of their surface skin. This was based on the addition of a water-soluble component, namely poly(ethylene-ran-propylene glycol), to an inert polymer matrix, based on low-density polyethylene, while mixing it with the ion-exchange particles. A series of membranes was prepared, consisting of 66 wt% of anionexchange phase represented by a styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer matrix with quaternary ammonium functional groups and an inert polymer matrix in a mixture with variable amounts of water-soluble component added. The membranes were subsequently tested with respect to their morphology, mechanical properties, apparent ion-exchange capacity, ionic conductivity, and performance under conditions of alkaline water electrolysis. When added in the appropriate amount, the addition of a water-soluble component was found to improve the electrochemical properties of the resulting membrane efficiently, while at the same time not reducing its mechanical properties to below a critical level.

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Section: Ionic Conductivitycontrasting

confidence: 59%

Polymer anion-selective membranes for electrolytic splitting of water. Part II: Enhancement of ionic conductivity and performance under conditions of alkaline water electrolysis

et al. 2012

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“…The amorphous characteristic of the PVA-PSSA blend membrane seen here helps enhance the ionic conductivity due to the flexibility of local chain segmental motion in the polymer matrix. 42 Electron microscopy results.- Figure 3 illustrates typical SEM pictures for pristine PVA and PVA-PSSA blend membranes. In the micrographs, the PVA-PSSA blend membrane shows a lesser surface homogeneity with extended roughness in relation to a pristine PVA membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PVA-PSSA Membrane with Interpenetrating Networks and its Methanol Crossover Mitigating Effect in DMFCs

Sahu

Selvarani

Pitchumani

et al. 2008

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A membrane with interpenetrating networks between poly͑vinyl alcohol͒ ͑PVA͒ and poly͑styrene sulfonic acid͒ ͑PSSA͒ coupled with a high proton conductivity is realized and evaluated as a proton exchange membrane electrolyte for a direct methanol fuel cell ͑DMFC͒. Its reduced methanol permeability and improved performance in DMFCs suggest the new blend as an alternative membrane to Nafion membranes. The membrane has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, time-modulated differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis in conjunction with its mechanical strength. The maximum proton conductivity of 3.3 ϫ 10 −2 S/cm for the PVA-PSSA blend membrane is observed at 373 K. From nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and volume localized spectroscopy experiments, the PVA-PSSA membrane has been found to exhibit a promising methanol impermeability, in DMFCs. On evaluating its utility in a DMFC, it has been found that a peak power density of 90 mW/cm 2 at a load current density of 320 mA/cm 2 is achieved with the PVA-PSSA membrane compared to a peak power density of 75 mW/cm 2 at a load current density of 250 mA/cm 2 achievable for a DMFC employing Nafion membrane electrolyte while operating under identical conditions; this is attributed primarily to the methanol crossover mitigating property of the PVA-PSSA membrane. Direct methanol fuel cells ͑DMFCs͒ using a proton exchange membrane have been identified as one of the most promising candidates for portable power applications.1,2 Unlike hydrogen-air polymer electrolyte fuel cells, DMFCs do not require a fuel reformer or a high-volume hydrogen storage system. The membrane electrolyte employed with the DMFC, besides exhibiting a good proton conductivity, should act as a physical separator to prevent fuel crossover from the anode to the cathode. At present, Nafion a perfluorosulfonated membrane with a hydrophobic fluorocarbon backbone and hydrophilic sulfonic acid pendant side chains, happens to be the only commercially available and widely used membrane electrolyte in the DMFC. It has been documented that proton conduction in Nafion occurs through the ionic channels formed by micro-or nanophase separation between the hydrophilic proton exchange sites and the hydrophobic domains.3 However, the methanol crossover from anode to cathode across the Nafion membrane brings about a mixed potential at the cathode causing both the loss of fuel and cell polarization impeding their commercial realization. [4][5][6] It has been reported that even over 40% of methanol could be lost in a DMFC due to crossover across the membrane.7 Methanol crossover across the Nafion membrane can be kept to a minimum by controlling the methanol-feed concentration. Alternatively, membranes that are relatively impermeable to methanol have been employed for this purpose. [8][9][10][11][12] Membranes with a lower methanol permeability allow a higher methanol-feed concentration, enhancing the performance of the DMFC. To optimize fuel cell performance, it is neces...

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“…Vassal et al 80 have reported a family of alkaline hydrogels based on copolymers of poly(epichlorohydrin) and poly(ethylene oxide) with KOH as dopant and studied their use in nickel/metal hydride secondary battery and zinc/air primary batteries. The amorphous nature of poly(epichlorohydrin) combined with the solvating behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) is exploited in this study.…”

Section: -79mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel-polymer electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors: an overview

Choudhury

Sampath

Shukla

2009

Energy Environ. Sci.

381

260

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Electrochemical capacitors are electrochemical devices with fast and highly reversible charge-storage and discharge capabilities. The devices are attractive for energy storage particularly in applications involving high-power requirements. Electrochemical capacitors employ two electrodes and an aqueous or a non-aqueous electrolyte, either in liquid or solid form; the latter provides the advantages of compactness, reliability, freedom from leakage of any liquid component and a large operating potential-window. One of the classes of solid electrolytes used in capacitors is polymer-based and they generally consist of dry solid-polymer electrolytes or gel-polymer electrolyte or composite-polymer electrolytes. Dry solid-polymer electrolytes suffer from poor ionic-conductivity values, between 10 À8 and 10 À7 S cm À1 under ambient conditions, but are safer than gel-polymer electrolytes that exhibit high conductivity of ca. 10 À3 S cm À1 under ambient conditions. The aforesaid polymer-based electrolytes have the advantages of a wide potential window of ca. 4 V and hence can provide high energy-density. Gel-polymer electrolytes are generally prepared using organic solvents that are environmentally malignant. Hence, replacement of organic solvents with water in gel-polymer electrolytes is desirable which also minimizes the device cost substantially. The water containing gel-polymer electrolytes, called hydrogel-polymer electrolytes, are, however, limited by a low operating potential-window of only about 1.23 V. This article reviews salient features of electrochemical capacitors employing hydrogel-polymer electrolytes.

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Electrochemical properties of an alkaline solid polymer electrolyte based on P(ECH-co-EO)

Cited by 176 publications

References 15 publications

Polymer anion-selective membranes for electrolytic splitting of water. Part II: Enhancement of ionic conductivity and performance under conditions of alkaline water electrolysis

Polymer anion-selective membranes for electrolytic splitting of water. Part II: Enhancement of ionic conductivity and performance under conditions of alkaline water electrolysis

PVA-PSSA Membrane with Interpenetrating Networks and its Methanol Crossover Mitigating Effect in DMFCs

Hydrogel-polymer electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors: an overview

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