“…Generally, the strategy includes the preparation of nanometer particles [6], carbon coating [7], and doping with aliovalent metal ions [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] (V 5+ [8], Sr 2+ [9], La 3+ [10], Mg 2+ [11], Al 3+ [12], Co 3+ [13], and Ru 3+ [14]) in Li, Ti, or O sites; the selection of morphologies has a crucial influence on the electrochemical characteristics of LTO materials [15][16][17][18]. Additionally, there are literatures which reported various strategies including combined ion coping or sheet-encapsulated coating [12,[19][20][21][22]. In this work, the effects of Ca-doping on the microstructure, morphology, and electrochemical characteristics of LTO have been investigated.…”