Electrochemical Properties of Platinum, Glassy Carbon, and Pyrographite as Stimulating Electrodes

Abstract

Presently, platinum, platinum-iridium, and carbon (glossy and pyrographite) are the preferred materials to be used as stimulating electrodes. Electrochemical tests revealed higher thresholds with Pt-Ir, which possibly are a result of excessive connective tissue growth. A porous structure appears to be preferred especially if the electrode materials are smooth and activated glassy carbon. When comparing power consumption, glassy carbon was found to be a superior electrode material.

Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors: Theoretical and Experimental Constraints

“…This range with aqueous system is about 1.23 V and can be extended by a judicious choice of the supporting electrolyte and/or a solvent with high anodic, and cathodic overpotential for the appropriate, irreversible, anodic, and cathodic faradaic reactions. Nevertheless, it is interesting to examine the characteristics of the adsorbed redox system that could provide additional capacitance via the adsorbed pseudocapacitance.1'7 Assuming quasi-equilibrium, the potential dependence of the coverage of the adsorbed species and hence the pseudocapacitance can be deduced for a redox system of the type: Red Ox1 Ox2 100, =K1 [17] 21=1(3 [18] and…”

Human hair-derived hollow carbon microfibers for electrochemical sensing

“…This M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT technique, developed by some of the current team, is called carbon-based microelectromechanical systems (C-MEMS) technology and has received much attention due to its simplicity and its cost-effectiveness to implement many applications such as electrochemical sensing [13], energy storage [14], and electrokinetic particle manipulation [15]. Fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures with very high aspect ratios is easy and has led to a wide variety of C-MEMS-derived carbon electrodes to replace noble metal electrodes in a variety of applications [13,14,[16][17][18].…”

Electrochemical Capacitance of a Nanoporous Composite of Carbon Nanotubes and Polypyrrole

“…While this mechanism can increase the rate of response by several orders of magnitude, it limits the total amount of charge that can be stored (C mass ) 180 F g -1 and C area ) 5 mF cm -2 ) relative to redox pseudocapacitive materials. [21][22][23][24][25] Recently, a variety of methods have been reported for producing composites of redox pseudocapacitive materials (polypyrrole, polyaniline, poly(p-phenylenevinylene), and ruthenium oxide) and double-layer capacitive materials (activated carbon black, carbon aerogels, and carbon nanotubes). [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] carbon-ruthenium oxide composite was lower than that reported for pure ruthenium oxide, the capacitive properties of most of the carbon-conducting polymer composites are, as yet, unknown.…”

“…Alternatively, supercapacitors made from high area carbons are attractive for their excellent rates of charge and discharge, a property stemming from their high surface area and double-layer charge storage mechanism. − Rather than storing charge in the bulk of the capacitive material, double-layer supercapacitors store charge in an electrochemical double-layer formed at their interface with the electrolyte. While this mechanism can increase the rate of response by several orders of magnitude, it limits the total amount of charge that can be stored ( C mass = 180 F g -1 and C area = 5 mF cm -2 ) relative to redox pseudocapacitive materials. − …”