Electrochemical properties of zirconyl tungstate membrane

Synthesis, characterization and properties of polystyrene incorporated calcium tungstate membrane and studies of its physicochemical and transport behavior

“…The higher membrane potential observed in case of LiCl for calcium tungstate membrane may be due to the fact that Li + ions are not thermodynamically favoured in the tungstate membrane phase as the Stoke radii of their hydrated cations (2.4 Â 10 À10 m for Li + ) are higher than those of other cations such as K + (1.3 Â 10 À10 m), Na + (1.8 Â 10 À10 m), etc. and partially hydrated cations transfer in the case of calcium tungstate membrane and permselectivity persists to higher immersion concentrations because the lithium salts do not cause Nernst breakdown [27].…”