Electrochemical reduction of porous 17 kg uranium oxide pellets by selection of an optimal cathode/anode surface area ratio

Choi, Eun-Young; Hur, Jin‐Mok; Choi, In‐Kyu; Kwon, Seon Gil; Kang, Daeseung; Hong, Sun; Shin, H. S.; Yoo, Min A.; Jeong, Sang Mun

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.08.001

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Because the density of the anodic current of BDD is relatively low compared to that of the cathodic current as shown in the cyclic voltammograms ( Fig. 2), the potential of the cathode might not reach the potential for Li deposition if the C/A ratio is too high in the same system [13,17]. The reduction of UO 2 will not be successful without Li formation as shown in Eq.…”

Section: Determination Of Effective C/a Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The C/A (cathode/anode) ratio of the surface area was considered as a key factor in inducing Li deposition on the cathode [17]. Because the density of the anodic current of BDD is relatively low compared to that of the cathodic current as shown in the cyclic voltammograms ( Fig.…”

Section: Determination Of Effective C/a Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basket was filled with a cylindrical porous UO 2 pellet of 1.86 g and the density was approximately 55% of the theoretical value (=10.97 g/cm 3 ). The dimension of a pellet was approximately 0.6 cm Ø Â 0.6 cm H. The pellet was fabricated by the method reported in a previous study [17]. Actually, the chemical formula of the pellet was determined to be UO 2.112 with a potentiometric titration method.…”

Section: Electrolytic Reduction Of Uo 2 With Bdd Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode as an anode for the electrolytic reduction of UO2 in Li2O–LiCl–KCl molten salt

Park

Kim

Hur

et al. 2013

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Section: Determination Of Effective C/a Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of Effective C/a Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrolytic Reduction Of Uo 2 With Bdd Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Application of a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode as an anode for the electrolytic reduction of UO2 in Li2O–LiCl–KCl molten salt

Park

Kim

Hur

et al. 2013

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…The amount of salt used in the process maybe small because oxide ions don't accumulate in the salt bath [7]. The simple electrochemical process attracted worldwide attention and significant efforts have been made since then to study and develop the process for production of many metals/alloys from their oxides, for example, electrochemical reduction of ZrO2 [8], HfO2 and niobia-doped HfO2 [9], CeO2 [10], V2O5 [11], Cr2O3 [12], UO2 [13], Fe2O3 [14], Ta2O5 [15], UO2-PuO2 mixed oxides [16], Al2O3 [17], SiO2 [18,19], WO2 [20] and the production of Ti-Mo alloys [21], Ti-W alloys [22], TiFe Alloys [23], NiTi [24], NbSi alloys [25] and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Indium and Tin from Molten Chloride Electrolytes

2017

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The electrochemical behaviour of ITO (indium oxide combined with 10 percent tin oxide) was studied in molten LiCl-KCl at 450 °C. The direct de-oxidation of ITO were investigated by using different electrodes such as Mo wire and liquid zinc. An ITO covered glass electrode has been investigated by electrochemical means in molten LiCl-KCl at 450 °C using Mo wire current collector. The findings, together with SEM and EDX analyses, confirmed ITO layer has been reduced.

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“…Choi et al 12 reduced 17 kg of UO 2 to U metal in LiCl-Li 2 O. They concluded that a small pellet size, with a high anode surface area resulted in higher current efficiencies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reduction of UO₂ to U in LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Eutectic Using the Fluidized Cathode Process

et al. 2016

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The electrochemical reduction of UO 2 to U metal has been investigated in both Fluidized Cathode (FC) and Metallic Cavity Electrode (MCE) cell arrangements. Differences in the local concentration of O 2− where the reduction takes place influnces the reduction potential. The fleeting contact of UO 2 particle contact with the current collector in case of the FC results in much less O 2− buildup compared to MCE. Consequently, UO 2 reduction occurs over a range of potentials in the FC and may involve separate two 2-electron steps compared to one apparent 4-electron step in the MCE. It is proposed that there are three discrete periods during the FC reduction process. The first is an induction period during which reduced uranium particles gradually adhere to the tungsten current collector. The second is reduction associated with a rapid growth in electrode area and consequent increase in current. The third is a slower reduction of the remaining oxide in the melt. Complete reduction of metallic U is achieved at −2.2 V (vs. Ag/Ag + ) with an estimated faradaic current efficiency of >92%. There are significant drivers for pursuing the next generation of nuclear reactors. Generation IV reactors offer both advancements in reactor design and also feature fully integrated fuel reprocessing capabilities. There are six types of Generation IV nuclear reactors and power plants under development. These are: the very-high-temperature reactor (VHTR), the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), the supercriticalwater-cooled reactor (SCWR), the gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR), the lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR), and the molten salt reactor (MSR). The key features of each are summarized in Table I. The fuel type used in the majority of these reactors is metal. Given that most current reactors employ metal oxide (MOX or UOX) fuel and the majority of legacy waste is also metal oxide, the conversion of metal oxides to metals is an important component in a future nuclear power flow sheet.High temperature molten salt reprocessing technology (pyroprocessing) 2 for spent nuclear fuel offers a range of advantages when compared to aqueous reprocessing techniques. This is due to: an improved proliferation resistance (local processing reduces the likelihood of material diversion, no separation of plutonium); using facilities with a smaller footprint; a shorter cooling period for irradiated fuel, and also improved criticality safety margins. Different process systems and salts have been studied in pyroprocessing, most of which are summarized by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). Conceptual flow sheets for the pyrochemical treatment of used nuclear fuel are described by Argonne National Lab (ANL). 4 The spent nuclear fuel, in the form of oxide pellets, is decladded and chopped, then passed on for an electrolytic reduction step. The uranium is in the form of UO 2 ; hence, the reduction of UO 2 to U metal is being investigated here. The reduced species then undergo electrorefining, [5][6][7][8][9] where U product and other transuranic species are separated an...

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Electrochemical reduction of porous 17 kg uranium oxide pellets by selection of an optimal cathode/anode surface area ratio

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Application of a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode as an anode for the electrolytic reduction of UO2 in Li2O–LiCl–KCl molten salt

Application of a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode as an anode for the electrolytic reduction of UO2 in Li2O–LiCl–KCl molten salt

Electrodeposition of Indium and Tin from Molten Chloride Electrolytes

Electrochemical Reduction of UO₂ to U in LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Eutectic Using the Fluidized Cathode Process

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Electrochemical reduction of porous 17 kg uranium oxide pellets by selection of an optimal cathode/anode surface area ratio

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Application of a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode as an anode for the electrolytic reduction of UO2 in Li2O–LiCl–KCl molten salt

Application of a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode as an anode for the electrolytic reduction of UO2 in Li2O–LiCl–KCl molten salt

Electrodeposition of Indium and Tin from Molten Chloride Electrolytes

Electrochemical Reduction of UO2 to U in LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Eutectic Using the Fluidized Cathode Process

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Product

Resources

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Electrochemical Reduction of UO₂ to U in LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Eutectic Using the Fluidized Cathode Process