Electrochemical reforming of ethanol–water solutions for pure H2 production in a PEM electrolysis cell

Caravaca, A.; Sapountzi, F.M.; Lucas-Consuegra, A. de; Molina-Mora, C.; Dorado, Fernando; Valverde, J.L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.03.062

Cited by 129 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Catalytic steam reforming Advantages • Lower reaction temperatures (<100 • C) making possible a rapid startup • Low toxicity • Direct pure hydrogen production, separated from other reaction products • Easier and fast control of hydrogen production rate • Compact unit combining both reaction and hydrogen purification with a consequent capital costs reduction • High renewable energy integration • Reduced environmental impact • Seasonal energy storage without energy losses • Capability to handle power fluctuations by H2 production • Lower power demands than water electrolysis, since part of the energy required is provided by the organic molecule this context, recent studies have shown that the electrochemical reforming of water-alcohol mixtures, i.e., methanol [5][6][7][8], glycerol [9,10], ethanol [11,12], bioethanol [13,14] and ethylene glycol [15] has a great potential for H 2 production at atmospheric pressure. The use of such compounds allows electrolysis at potentials lower than 1.2 V, leading to electrical power savings if compared to conventional electrolytic water splitting.…”

Section: Electrochemical Reforming Of Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical reforming of alcohols on nanostructured platinum-tin catalyst-electrodes

Osa

Calcerrada

Valverde

et al. 2015

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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Section: Electrochemical Reforming Of Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical reforming of alcohols on nanostructured platinum-tin catalyst-electrodes

Osa

Calcerrada

Valverde

et al. 2015

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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“…Replacing anodic oxygen evolution with the oxidation of much more readily oxidizable species leads to a significant reduction of the potential required to produce hydrogen. Following this strategy, compounds such as ammonia 7,8 , methanol 9 , ethanol [10][11][12][13] , glycerol 14,15 and urea 16 have been recently tested. These electrolytic processes that lead to the concomitant generation of chemicals at the anode and hydrogen at the cathode are often indicated as 'electrochemical reforming'.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology makes biomass electrolysis more energy efficient than water electrolysis

et al. 2014

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The energetic convenience of electrolytic water splitting is limited by thermodynamics. Consequently, significant levels of hydrogen production can only be obtained with an electrical energy consumption exceeding 45 kWh kg À 1 H 2 . Electrochemical reforming allows the overcoming of such thermodynamic limitations by replacing oxygen evolution with the oxidation of biomass-derived alcohols. Here we show that the use of an original anode material consisting of palladium nanoparticles deposited on to a three-dimensional architecture of titania nanotubes allows electrical energy savings up to 26.5 kWh kg À 1 H 2 as compared with proton electrolyte membrane water electrolysis. A net energy analysis shows that for bio-ethanol with energy return of the invested energy larger than 5.1 (for example, cellulose), the electrochemical reforming energy balance is advantageous over proton electrolyte membrane water electrolysis.

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“…In line with previous studies [15], an increase in the reaction temperature also resulted in higher electrocatalytic activities for all the catalysts tested. While the kinetics of the electrochemical reactions can be improved by increasing the temperature [34], the protonic membrane prevented us from testing the system above 90 • C since its stability and conductivity under appropriate humidity conditions is not ensured at these conditions. were normalized by the amount of Cu deposited on each cathodic-catalyst.…”

Section: Co 2 Conversion Electrocatalytic Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to Liquid Fuels: Effect of the Cu Particle Size

et al. 2018

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A novel gas-phase electrocatalytic system based on a low-temperature proton exchange membrane (Sterion) was developed for the gas-phase electrocatalytic conversion of CO 2 to liquid fuels. This system achieved gas-phase electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 at low temperatures (below 90 • C) over a Cu cathode by using water electrolysis-derived protons generated in-situ on an IrO 2 anode. Three Cu-based cathodes with varying metal particle sizes were prepared by supporting this metal on an activated carbon at three loadings (50, 20, and 10 wt %; 50% Cu-AC, 20% Cu-AC, and 10% Cu-AC, respectively). The cathodes were characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and their performance towards the electrocatalytic conversion of CO 2 was subsequently studied. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) containing the cathode with the largest Cu particle size (50% Cu-AC, 40 nm) showed the highest CO 2 electrocatalytic activity per mole of Cu, with methyl formate being the main product. This higher electrocatalytic activity was attributed to the lower Cu-CO bonding strength over large Cu particles. Different product distributions were obtained over 20% Cu-AC and 10% Cu-AC, with acetaldehyde and methanol being the main reaction products, respectively. The CO 2 consumption rate increased with the applied current and reaction temperature.

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Electrochemical reforming of ethanol–water solutions for pure H2 production in a PEM electrolysis cell

Cited by 129 publications

References 36 publications

Electrochemical reforming of alcohols on nanostructured platinum-tin catalyst-electrodes

Electrochemical reforming of alcohols on nanostructured platinum-tin catalyst-electrodes

Nanotechnology makes biomass electrolysis more energy efficient than water electrolysis

Low-Temperature Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to Liquid Fuels: Effect of the Cu Particle Size

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