Electrochemical removal and recovery of phosphorus as struvite in an acidic environment using pure magnesium vs. the AZ31 magnesium alloy as the anode

Kékedy‐Nagy, László; Teymouri, Ali; Greenlee, Lauren F.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.122480

Cited by 73 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The ECST material was produced from synthetic wastewater by researchers in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Arkansas (Kékedy-Nagy et al, 2020). Two separate batches of ECST were generated; the first batch was used in 2019 and the second batch was used in 2020.…”

Section: Field Treatments and Experimental Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recovery of P as struvite from wastewater has been achieved through biological, chemical, and, more recently, electrochemical precipitation methods (Cusick & Logan, 2012;Huang et al, 2016;Kékedy-Nagy et al, 2020;Le Corre et al, 2009;Manas et al, 2012). The formation of struvite crystals is controlled by the concentrations of magnesium (Mg 2+ ), ammonium (NH 4 + ), and phosphate (PO 4 3− ) ions; solution pH; mixing energy; temperature; and the concentration of other ions present in solution, collectively referred to as ionic strength (Bouropoulos & Koutsoukos, 2000;Le Corre et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of electrochemically precipitated struvite as a fertilizer‐phosphorus source in flood‐irrigated rice

et al. 2021

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Phosphorus (P) is a major contaminant in many wastewater sources and has gained interest due to the role P has in eutrophication of receiving waters. Recycling P from wastewater as the mineral struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 • 6H 2 O) could be a promising option to reduce P discharge into receiving waters and could potentially provide an alternative fertilizer-P source for crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two struvite materials (i.e., electrochemically precipitated struvite [ECST] and chemically precipitated struvite [CPST]) relative to several other common fertilizer-P sources (i.e., triple super phosphate [TSP], monoammonium phosphate [MAP], diammonium phosphate [DAP], and rock phosphate [RP]) on the response of a pureline rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar grown under flood-irrigation in a P-deficient, silt-loam soil (Typic Glossaqualfs) in eastern Arkansas. In 2019, rice grain yield did not differ (P > .05) among fertilizer-P sources, whereas in 2020, rice grain yield was greater from TSP (13.1 Mg ha −1 ) than that from ESCT (11.0 Mg ha −1 ) or CPST (12.7 Mg ha −1 ). Rice aboveground dry matter, aboveground and belowground tissue and grain P and N concentrations, aboveground and grain tissue P uptake, and aboveground tissue N concentration from ECST and CPST did not differ (P > .05) from those from TSP, MAP, DAP, RP, or an unamended control. The similarities in rice responses compared with other commonly used, commercially available fertilizer-P sources suggest that struvite materials have the potential to be an alternative fertilizer-P source option for flood-irrigated rice production.

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Section: Field Treatments and Experimental Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of electrochemically precipitated struvite as a fertilizer‐phosphorus source in flood‐irrigated rice

et al. 2021

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“…Several factors affect the formation of struvite that differ among waste products, wastewaters, and recovery techniques. The ECST material used in this experiment was derived from synthetic wastewater that contained only PO 4 3– and NH 4 + ions, in addition to the Mg anode through which an electrical current was applied to the solution (Kékedy‐Nagy et al., 2020); thus, excluded impurities otherwise present in many other recovered‐struvite sources. The result of the greater purity of the ECST material was numerically greater concentrations of total P (22.8%) and total N (9.3%) than for CPST (11.3 and 5.5%, respectively; Table 1).…”

Section: Results An Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two sources of struvite were used in this study: (a) a commercially available, CPST source (trade name Crystal Green, T A B L E 1 Summary of initial chemical properties among fertilizer-P sources used in the soil incubation Total recoverable , mg kg −1 P Ostara Nutrient Recovery Technologies) produced from raw, municipal wastewater, and (b) an ECST material produced from synthetic wastewater by researchers in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Arkansas (Kékedy-Nagy et al, 2020). The ECST material was electrochemically precipitated from a prepared solution of known P and N concentrations with Mg being supplied by a Mg anode as an electrical current was imposed on the solution (Kékedy-Nagy et al, 2020). In addition to the two struvite sources, four additional commercially available fertilizer-P sources were used in this study: MAP, DAP, TSP, and RP.…”

Section: Fertilizer-p Sources and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemically precipitated struvite effects on extractable nutrients compared with other fertilizer‐phosphorus sources

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Kékedy‐Nagy

et al. 2021

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Recovery of struvite, or magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O), from wastewater streams may provide an alternative to traditional P fertilizers. Little research has assessed the behavior of struvite relative to other commercially available, fertilizer‐P sources in historically row‐cropped soils in the United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate total extractable P and other nutrients from electrochemically (ECST) and chemically precipitated struvite (CPST) compared with triple superphosphate (TSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and rock phosphate (RP) in a moist‐soil incubation without plants using varying soil textures (loam, silt loam, and silty clay loam). A uniform application rate of 24.5 kg total P ha–1 was used for each fertilizer‐P source. Soil sampling occurred six times over a 9‐mo period (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 9 mo) to examine the change in soil pH and water‐soluble (WS) and Mehlich‐3‐extractable nutrient concentrations (P, Ca, Mg, and Fe) from their initial levels over time. After 0.5 mo, WS‐P concentrations increased the most in the ECST treatment (41.6 mg kg–1), which did not differ from that of DAP. Throughout the remaining 8.5 mo of incubation, WS‐P concentrations generally decreased in most treatments but were still greater than the initial level by 9 mo and were often similar among ECST, CPST, MAP, DAP, and TSP treatments. Comparable WS‐P concentrations among ECST and MAP, DAP, and TSP under soil conditions near field capacity (∼0.2 g g–1) support struvite's potential as a sustainable fertilizer‐P source, thus warranting further investigation of the plant response to struvite use as an alternative fertilizer‐P source.

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“…The molecular weight of struvite is 245.43 g/mol. According to its structure, struvite contains 12.6% phosphorus, 5.7% nitrogen, and 9.9% magnesium as an effective source of nutrition [6]. Struvite is known as a problematic compound in wastewater treatment plants and sludge treatment facilities which can cause weight gain from the system wall [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potensiometric of Struvite (MgNH₄PO₄.6H₂O) Formation System from Biogas Waste in Electrolysis Cells

et al. 2021

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Struvite is a yellowish white or brownish yellow crystal. Struvite occurs in an alkaline environment. The reaction that occurs is the reduction of H+ and at the anode is H2O oxidation. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum potential conditions of deposition of struvite which was contained in biogas waste by electrolysis process and to improve the quality of struvite fertilizer. The method was carried out with the electrolysis time condition of 30 minutes where the electrical voltages used were 1V, 3V, 5V, 7V, and 9V and the size of the electrodes used were 30 cm, 36 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm. From the research that has been done, it could be seen that the struvite formed was very small, the best conditions in this study at 5V voltage and 36 cm electrode area with a yield of 28.8%.

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Electrochemical removal and recovery of phosphorus as struvite in an acidic environment using pure magnesium vs. the AZ31 magnesium alloy as the anode

Cited by 73 publications

References 45 publications

Evaluation of electrochemically precipitated struvite as a fertilizer‐phosphorus source in flood‐irrigated rice

Evaluation of electrochemically precipitated struvite as a fertilizer‐phosphorus source in flood‐irrigated rice

Electrochemically precipitated struvite effects on extractable nutrients compared with other fertilizer‐phosphorus sources

Potensiometric of Struvite (MgNH₄PO₄.6H₂O) Formation System from Biogas Waste in Electrolysis Cells

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Electrochemical removal and recovery of phosphorus as struvite in an acidic environment using pure magnesium vs. the AZ31 magnesium alloy as the anode

Cited by 73 publications

References 45 publications

Evaluation of electrochemically precipitated struvite as a fertilizer‐phosphorus source in flood‐irrigated rice

Evaluation of electrochemically precipitated struvite as a fertilizer‐phosphorus source in flood‐irrigated rice

Electrochemically precipitated struvite effects on extractable nutrients compared with other fertilizer‐phosphorus sources

Potensiometric of Struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) Formation System from Biogas Waste in Electrolysis Cells

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Potensiometric of Struvite (MgNH₄PO₄.6H₂O) Formation System from Biogas Waste in Electrolysis Cells