Flow-through configuration
for electrochemical disinfection is
considered as a promising approach to minimize the formation of toxic
byproducts and energy consumption via the enhanced convective mass
transport as compared with conventional flow-by one. Under this hydrodynamic
condition, it is essential to ascertain the effect of sequential electro-redox
processes with the cathode/anode then anode/cathode arrangements on
disinfection performance. Here, carbon fiber felt (CFF) was utilized
to construct two flow-through electrode systems (FESs) with sequential
reduction–oxidation (cathode-anode) or oxidation–reduction
(anode–cathode) processes to systematically compare their disinfection
performance toward a model Escherichia coli (E. coli) pathogen. In-situ sampling and live/dead backlight
staining experiments revealed that E. coli inactivation
mainly occurred on anode via an adsorption-inactivation-desorption
process. In reduction–oxidation system, after the cathode-pretreatment,
bulk solution pH increased significantly, leading to the negative
charge of E. coli cells. Hence, E. coli cells were adsorbed and inactivated easily on the subsequent anode,
finally resulting in its much better disinfection performance and
energy efficiency than the oxidation–reduction system. Application
of 3.0 V resulted in ∼6.5 log E. coli removal
at 1500 L m–2 h–1 (50 mL min–1), suggesting that portable devices can be designed
from CFF-based FES with potential application for point-of-use water
disinfection.